Table 1.

Study sample

#CountryNo. of listed corporations analyzedCountry’s share from total sample
“Rounded figures” (%)
1Egypt3727
2United Arab of Emirates96
3Morocco85
4Saudi Arabia1612
5Kuwait43
6Qatar43
7Oman1612
8Palestine64
9Tunisia1410
10Iraq129
11Bahrain21
12Jordan64
 Total134100%

Notes:

According to the World Bank, the MENA region comprises 19 countries. Our sample only covered 12 countries excluding Yemen, Djibouti, Algeria, Iran, Lebanon, Libya and Syria due to data unavailability or firms listed had mixed lines of business besides consumer goods

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