Table IV

Risk mitigation strategies practised by organisations

ReferenceCase study
YearAuthorsOrganisationDisaster/areaSupply chain strategyExemplified by
2008 Jahre and HeighIFRCGlobalPostponementNon-earmarking of items
    Strategic StockRegionalised prepositioning
2008 ListouNorwegian DefenceOperation Atalanta, Medical supplies to Nordic Battle GroupPostponementPrepositioning semi-finished goods
    Strategic StockPrepositioning of finished goods
    CollaborationRelations with suppliers
2009 McLachlin et al.MCC70 countriesCollaborationStrategic partnerships
2010 CharlesIFRC, UNHRDGlobalStrategic stockRegionalised item prepositioning
2010 Choi et al.naRwandan Refugee Crisis, 1994-1996Flexible transportationAll transport modes
    Strategic stock 
2010 Gatignon et al.IFRCYogyakarta Earthquake, 2006Strategic stockPrepositioning
    PostponementDecentralisation standardisation
    CollaborationInformation system
2010 Jahre and JensenLogistics ClusterGlobalCollaborationCoordination
    Strategic stockGlobal stockpile
2010 OloruntobanaCyclone LarryCollaborationJoint planning
    Strategic stockItems with commercial and standby roster
2011 Duran et al.CAREGlobalStrategic stockPrepositioning
2011 McCoy and BrandeauUNHCRDarfur Crisis, 2004/2005Strategic stockStockpiling
2011 Pedraza-Martinez et al.IFRC, ICRC WFP, WVIGlobalStrategic stockFleet
2012Cozzolino et al.WFPGlobalCollaborationSupplier net
    Postponement 
2013 Pedraza Martinez and Van WassenhoveICRC, IFRC, WFP, WVIGlobalStrategic stockFleet
2014 Besiou et al.ICRCZambezia Province, TanzaniaFlexible transportationOperational mixed use of vehicles
    PostponementCentralised fleet stock
    Flexible supply baseDecentralised decision
2014BuddasFincross ERUGlobalStrategic stockPrepositioning of ERU boxes
2014 Eftekhar et al.ICRCSudan, Afghanistan, EthiopiaStrategic StockFleet
2014 Ergun et al.Salvation ArmyHaiti earthquake, 2010CollaborationInformation sharing
2014 Holguín-Veras et al.Region, commercial companiesJapan earthquake, Tohoku, 2011PostponementSigned cooperation agreements with potential private sector partners
2014 Scholten et al.VOADHurricane Katrina, 2005CollaborationCoordination/knowledge management
    Flexible supply baseAlternative sources
    Flexible transportationAlternative evacuation routes
    Strategic StockPrepositioned critical supplies
2015 Gralla et al.Logistics Cluster/WFP LRTSimulation exercisesStrategic StockTraining
2015 Jahre and Fabbe-CostesNorcross ERU, IFRCGlobalPostponementStandardisation and modular design
    Strategic stock 
2015 Kunz et al.UNHCRGlobalCentralisationInternal leasing programme for fleet
2015 Stauffer et al.IFRCGlobalStrategic stockFleet prepositioning
    Centralisation/postponement/speculationCentralisation/decentralisation
2016L’Hermitte et al.WFPGlobalCollaborationAgility
2016 Jahre, Kembro, Rezvanian, Håpnes, Ergun and BerlingUNHCRGlobalStrategic stockJoint supply chains for ongoing operations and emergencies
    Postponement 
2016 Aaki and Pedraza MartinezIFRC, MSF, ECHO, USAIDGlobalPostponementNon-earmarked funding
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