Table A1

Classification of countries according to income level

Income levelCountries
HighEstonia, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, and Seyechelles
Upper-middleArgentina, Colombia, Costa-Rica, Ecuador, Equatorial, Georgia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Montenegro, Namibia, Paraguay, Peru, Thailand, and Turkey
Lower-middleBangladesh, Bolivia, Djibouti, Egypt, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Myanmar, Pakistan and Samoa
LowGuinea, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda and Zimbabwe

Source(s): Done by the authors based on data from WB GFDD (2021) 

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