Summary of the challenges of big data in humanitarian missions
| Author | Challenges highlighted |
|---|---|
| Crutcher and Zook (2009) | Relevance of race in the way people use/ do not use internet-based services; the gap in the use of mobile technologies among different races will continue to remain with new devices and technologies coming in |
| Muralidharan et al. (2011) | Comparison of NGO and media use of Twitter and Facebook; lack of two-way communication |
| Gao et al. (2011) | Privacy and safety concerns; incorrect data |
| Weisenfeld (2011) | Disparity of data collection methodologies; too much data and too little data are both problematic |
| Munro (2013) | Overstated role of social media and international actors in Haiti; quality and training of volunteers; keeping the volunteers motivated |
| Shanley et al. (2013) | Problems of trust, privacy, security and ethics |
| Shelton et al. (2014) | Unreliability of social media data; enhancement of social inequality because of digital divide; bigger size of the data sets not a sole guarantee of correct decision |
| Alexander (2014) | Ethical issues of using social media in emergencies |
| Sandvik et al. (2014) | Likely disregard of principles of humanity, neutrality and impartiality |
| Crawford and Finn (2015) | Ethical, epistemological and ontological challenges of data collection, analysis and deployment |
| Burns and Thatcher (2015) | Incompleteness of data due to digital divide; contextual disconnect of the volunteers |
| Haworth and Bruce (2015) | Lack of data quality assurance and issues surrounding data management, liability, security and the digital divide |
| Duffield (2016) | Digital humanitarianism resulting in bunkerization of workers; problems of security and privacy |
| Carley et al. (2016) | Non-uniform distribution of tweet source; difference in languages being used |
| Landwehr et al. (2016) | Limitations of Twitter data; linguistic problems; unevenness locations of the data sources |
| Mulder et al. (2016) | Creation of digital inequalities because of big data making process; mutation of facts through the transfer |
| Read et al. (2016) | Issues of digital divide; likely flow of disinformation |
| Qadir et al. (2016) | Problems due to volume, variety, velocity, veracity, verification and validity of big data; issues of volunteers; privacy and digital divide |
| Dufty (2016) | Unreliability of Twitter in disaster management |
| Cinnamon et al. (2016) | Social and ethical challenges of using mobile phone CDR and SMS in disease disaster management |
| Murthy and Gross (2017) | Lack of two-way communication; problem of finding meaningful information from large data sets |
| Haworth (2017) | Issues of digital divide, trust and uneven power relations |
| Author | Challenges highlighted |
|---|---|
| Relevance of race in the way people use/ do not use internet-based services; the gap in the use of mobile technologies among different races will continue to remain with new devices and technologies coming in | |
| Comparison of NGO and media use of Twitter and Facebook; lack of two-way communication | |
| Privacy and safety concerns; incorrect data | |
| Disparity of data collection methodologies; too much data and too little data are both problematic | |
| Overstated role of social media and international actors in Haiti; quality and training of volunteers; keeping the volunteers motivated | |
| Problems of trust, privacy, security and ethics | |
| Unreliability of social media data; enhancement of social inequality because of digital divide; bigger size of the data sets not a sole guarantee of correct decision | |
| Ethical issues of using social media in emergencies | |
| Likely disregard of principles of humanity, neutrality and impartiality | |
| Ethical, epistemological and ontological challenges of data collection, analysis and deployment | |
| Incompleteness of data due to digital divide; contextual disconnect of the volunteers | |
| Lack of data quality assurance and issues surrounding data management, liability, security and the digital divide | |
| Digital humanitarianism resulting in bunkerization of workers; problems of security and privacy | |
| Non-uniform distribution of tweet source; difference in languages being used | |
| Limitations of Twitter data; linguistic problems; unevenness locations of the data sources | |
| Creation of digital inequalities because of big data making process; mutation of facts through the transfer | |
| Issues of digital divide; likely flow of disinformation | |
| Problems due to volume, variety, velocity, veracity, verification and validity of big data; issues of volunteers; privacy and digital divide | |
| Unreliability of Twitter in disaster management | |
| Social and ethical challenges of using mobile phone CDR and SMS in disease disaster management | |
| Lack of two-way communication; problem of finding meaningful information from large data sets | |
| Issues of digital divide, trust and uneven power relations |
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