| Single country | | |
| Low- and middle-income countries | Botswana | Vieira et al. (2003) |
| | Jamaica | Barrow et al. (2020) |
| | Mozambique | Deo and Sohoni (2015), Jónasson et al. (2017) |
| | South Africa | Wilson and Blower (2005) |
| | Tanzania | Rauner et al. (2005) |
| | Zambia | McCoy and Johnson (2014) |
| High-income countries | Canada | Kok et al. (2015) |
| | U.S. | Deo et al. (2015), Earnshaw et al. (2007), Juusola Brandeau (2016), Kessler et al. (2013), Lasry et al. (2011), Malvankar and Zaric (2011), Richter et al. (1999), Yaylali et al. (2016), Zaric and Brandeau (2001a), Zaric and Brandeau (2007) |
| Multiple countries | | |
| Low- and middle-income countries | | Alistar et al. (2014), de Vries et al. (2020), Galárraga et al. (2007), Lasry et al. (2007), Núñez Ares et al. (2016) |
| Not specified | | Kassa (2018) |