Table 2 Main compounding factors related... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Main compounding factors related to the lack of infrastructure development

Second-order effects	Causal relationships	References
Inadequate water supply	Lack of basic services and commodities Lack of clean water drives people, who are often displaced, to find alternative water sources that may be contaminated Delivery of water trucking by humanitarian organizations can provide clean and safe water to affected population. However, the lack of road infrastructure and lack of fuel has made it difficult for water trucking delivery Lower import levels reflect a lack of shipping confidence due to heavy restrictions and poor port infrastructure	Caccavale et al. (2018), Chao et al. (2014), Federspiel and Ali (2018)
Power cuts and fuel shortages	Lack of basic services and commodities Inadequate infrastructure limits how waste is disposed of, leading to improper waste management practices Failure to deliver OCVs until 16 months after cholera outbreak Only 45% of health facilities operational since beginning of conflict in 2015	Federspiel and Ali (2018), Fuss (2016), WHO (2017)

Second-order effects	Causal relationships	References
Inadequate water supply	Lack of basic services and commodities Lack of clean water drives people, who are often displaced, to find alternative water sources that may be contaminated Delivery of water trucking by humanitarian organizations can provide clean and safe water to affected population. However, the lack of road infrastructure and lack of fuel has made it difficult for water trucking delivery Lower import levels reflect a lack of shipping confidence due to heavy restrictions and poor port infrastructure	Caccavale et al. (2018), Chao et al. (2014), Federspiel and Ali (2018)
Power cuts and fuel shortages	Lack of basic services and commodities Inadequate infrastructure limits how waste is disposed of, leading to improper waste management practices Failure to deliver OCVs until 16 months after cholera outbreak Only 45% of health facilities operational since beginning of conflict in 2015	Federspiel and Ali (2018), Fuss (2016), WHO (2017)