Table 3 Main compounding factors related... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Main compounding factors related to extreme weather events

Second-order effects	Causal relationships	References
Damage to infrastructure	Lack of basic services Weather-related events such as cyclone and flooding contribute to contaminated water sources, increasing WASH needs	Colwell (1996)
Damage to infrastructure	Reliance on imports High dependency on imported food and fuels (more than 90% of staple food and 544,000 metric tons of fuel per month imported) Monthly volumes of imported food and fuels remained below pre-blockade levels due to the damage to the road infrastructure Congestion at Aden port caused substantial delays to the imports process Failed harvest due to the water scarcity led to food insecurity	Caccavale et al.(2018), FAO et al. (2018), World Bank (2020a)
Inadequate water supply	Lack of basic services Extreme water scarcity due to over-extraction of existing water points in coastal cities 93% of water potable in Yemen used for agriculture Seasonal floods contaminate water supplies All surface and groundwater resources are exploited beyond the level of recharge	ACAPS (2020b), FAO et al. (2018)

Second-order effects	Causal relationships	References
Damage to infrastructure	Lack of basic services Weather-related events such as cyclone and flooding contribute to contaminated water sources, increasing WASH needs	Colwell (1996)
Damage to infrastructure	Reliance on imports High dependency on imported food and fuels (more than 90% of staple food and 544,000 metric tons of fuel per month imported) Monthly volumes of imported food and fuels remained below pre-blockade levels due to the damage to the road infrastructure Congestion at Aden port caused substantial delays to the imports process Failed harvest due to the water scarcity led to food insecurity	Caccavale et al.(2018), FAO et al. (2018), World Bank (2020a)
Inadequate water supply	Lack of basic services Extreme water scarcity due to over-extraction of existing water points in coastal cities 93% of water potable in Yemen used for agriculture Seasonal floods contaminate water supplies All surface and groundwater resources are exploited beyond the level of recharge	ACAPS (2020b),FAO et al. (2018)