Table 2

Capability lifecycle stages, based on Helfat and Peteraf (2003) 

Capability Lifecycle stageCharacteristics
FoundingA group with leadership and with the ability to take collaborative action is formed, with a common goal to create a new capability within the organization
DevelopmentThe capability building group or team makes decisions on how to best shape the capability at hand, informed by accumulating experiences in doing so
MaturityThe capability no longer changes, but is maintained by regular exercise by the organization
RetirementThe capability ceases to exist
RetrenchmentThe usage of the capability declines over time
RedeploymentThe capability is transferred to another product market
RenewalThe capability returns to the development stage after having left this stage at an earlier point in time
ReplicationThe capability is transferred to another geographic market (but applied to the same product or service)
RecombinationThe capability is combined with other capabilities to serve a different but related market

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