Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Intervention (n=29) | Control (n=30) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | x̅±SD | x̅±SD | |
| Age (years) | 43.8±4.8 | 43.0±0.7 | 0.671 |
| Max./Min. of age (years) | 30/50 | 30/50 | |
| Education (n %) | |||
| Elementary school | 20 (69.0%) | 19 (63.4%) | |
| Middle school | 3 (10.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.200 |
| ⩾Secondary school | 6 (20.7%) | 8 (26.6%) | |
| Monthly income | |||
| <US$300 | 27 (93.1%) | 26 (86.6%) | 0.740 |
| ⩾US$300 | 2 (6.9%) | 4 (13.3%) | |
| Body weight (kg) | 75.5±10.8 | 77.5±9.4 | 0.452 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.9±3.7 | 32.7±3.9 | 0.398 |
| Waist–hip ratio | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.6 | 0.427 |
| Body fat (%) | 38.5±3.0 | 39.00±3.3 | 0.555 |
| Visceral fat | 14.8±4.9 | 15.8±5.6 | 0.482 |
| Free-fat mass (%) | 22.6±1.5 | 22.4±1.6 | 0.664 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.6±8.2 | 101.1±7.7 | 0.805 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) | 99.3±15.9 | 98.2±11.0 | 0.756 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 160.5±138.4 | 170.0±92.1 | 0.757 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) | 51.6±13.5 | 50.0±9.5 | 0.595 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.7±9.7 | 116.8±12.9 | 0.970 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.3±8.5 | 73.1±8.2 | 0.580 |
| Knowledge (scores) | 10.1±3.7 | 11.2±4.3 | 0.296 |
| Attitude (scores) | 3.9±0.4 | 3.8±0.3 | 0.580 |
| Physical activity (METs) | 1.7±0.2 | 1.7±0.2 | 0.636 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,920.5±426.7 | 1,861.1±429.5 | 0.596 |
| Intervention ( | Control ( | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | x̅±SD | x̅±SD | |
| Age (years) | 43.8±4.8 | 43.0±0.7 | 0.671 |
| Max./Min. of age (years) | 30/50 | 30/50 | |
| Elementary school | 20 (69.0%) | 19 (63.4%) | |
| Middle school | 3 (10.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.200 |
| ⩾Secondary school | 6 (20.7%) | 8 (26.6%) | |
| <US$300 | 27 (93.1%) | 26 (86.6%) | 0.740 |
| ⩾US$300 | 2 (6.9%) | 4 (13.3%) | |
| Body weight (kg) | 75.5±10.8 | 77.5±9.4 | 0.452 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.9±3.7 | 32.7±3.9 | 0.398 |
| Waist–hip ratio | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.6 | 0.427 |
| Body fat (%) | 38.5±3.0 | 39.00±3.3 | 0.555 |
| Visceral fat | 14.8±4.9 | 15.8±5.6 | 0.482 |
| Free-fat mass (%) | 22.6±1.5 | 22.4±1.6 | 0.664 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.6±8.2 | 101.1±7.7 | 0.805 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) | 99.3±15.9 | 98.2±11.0 | 0.756 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 160.5±138.4 | 170.0±92.1 | 0.757 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) | 51.6±13.5 | 50.0±9.5 | 0.595 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.7±9.7 | 116.8±12.9 | 0.970 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.3±8.5 | 73.1±8.2 | 0.580 |
| Knowledge (scores) | 10.1±3.7 | 11.2±4.3 | 0.296 |
| Attitude (scores) | 3.9±0.4 | 3.8±0.3 | 0.580 |
| Physical activity (METs) | 1.7±0.2 | 1.7±0.2 | 0.636 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,920.5±426.7 | 1,861.1±429.5 | 0.596 |
Notes: METs, metabolic equivalent of tasks. aThere were no significant differences between the groups
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