Table II Changes in anthropometric...

Table II

Changes in anthropometric indices and metabolic syndrome components

		At baseline	At week 16		Change
Variables	Group	x̅±SD	x̅±SD	Paired t-test p-value	x̅±SD	Student’s t-test p-value
Anthropometric indices
Body weight (kg)	Int.	75.5±10.8	67.9±10.9	<0.001***	−7.6±2.9	<0.001***
	Con.	77.5±9.5	76.8±9.8	0.005**	−0.7±1.4
BMI (kg/m²)	Int.	31.9±3.7	28.7±3.9	<0.001***	−3.2±1.2	<0.001***
	Con.	32.8±3.9	32.5±4.1	0.005*	0.9±1.8
Waist–hip ratio	Int.	0.90±0.1	0.86±0.1	<0.001***	−0.0±0.0	<0.001***
	Con.	0.89±0.6	0.89±0.1	0.391	0.0±0.0
Body fat (%)	Int.	38.5±3.0	34.8±4.1	<0.001***	−3.7±2.1	<0.001***
	Con.	39.0±3.3	38.9±3.0	0.366	−0.1±2.0
Visceral fat	Int.	14.8±4.9	10.9±4.6	<0.001***	−3.9±1.7	<0.001***
	Con.	15.8±5.6	15.7±5.6	0.213	−0.1±1.0
Fat-free mass (%)	Int.	22.6±1.5	24.1±1.9	<0.001***	1.5±1.0	<0.001***
	Con.	22.4±1.6	22.5±1.6	0.121	0.1±0.6
Metabolic syndrome components
WC (cm)	Int.	100.6±8.2	89.5±9.1	<0.001***	−11.1±4.8	<0.001***
	Con.	101.1±7.7	99.2±7.8	0.001**	−1.9±3.2
FBS (mg/dl)	Int.	99.3±15.9	95.0±7.2	0.034*	−4.3±12.1	0.004**
	Con.	98.2±11.0	102.9±19.2	0.025	4.7±12.6
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Int.	160.5±138.4	110.6±51.0	0.015*	−49.9±111.8	0.062
	Con.	170.0±92.1	158.0±94.1	0.162	−12.0±65.3
HDL-C (mg/dl)	Int.	51.6±13.5	49.6±10.4	0.145	−2.0±10.0	0.235
	Con.	50.0±9.5	49.6±10.5	0.375	−0.4±6.6
Systolic BP (mmHg)	Int.	116.7±9.7	109.3±8.9	<0.001***	−7.4±6.8	0.009**
	Con.	116.8±13.0	114.7±10.1	0.254	−2.1±9.6
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	Int.	74.3±8.5	69.1±8.1	<0.001***	−5.2±5.8	0.011*
	Con.	73.1±8.2	71.9±8.8	0.394	−1.2±7.2

		At baseline	At week 16		Change
Variables	Group	x̅±SD	x̅±SD	Paired t-test p-value	x̅±SD	Student’s t-test p-value
Anthropometric indices
Body weight (kg)	Int.	75.5±10.8	67.9±10.9	<0.001***	−7.6±2.9	<0.001***
	Con.	77.5±9.5	76.8±9.8	0.005**	−0.7±1.4
BMI (kg/m²)	Int.	31.9±3.7	28.7±3.9	<0.001***	−3.2±1.2	<0.001***
	Con.	32.8±3.9	32.5±4.1	0.005*	0.9±1.8
Waist–hip ratio	Int.	0.90±0.1	0.86±0.1	<0.001***	−0.0±0.0	<0.001***
	Con.	0.89±0.6	0.89±0.1	0.391	0.0±0.0
Body fat (%)	Int.	38.5±3.0	34.8±4.1	<0.001***	−3.7±2.1	<0.001***
	Con.	39.0±3.3	38.9±3.0	0.366	−0.1±2.0
Visceral fat	Int.	14.8±4.9	10.9±4.6	<0.001***	−3.9±1.7	<0.001***
	Con.	15.8±5.6	15.7±5.6	0.213	−0.1±1.0
Fat-free mass (%)	Int.	22.6±1.5	24.1±1.9	<0.001***	1.5±1.0	<0.001***
	Con.	22.4±1.6	22.5±1.6	0.121	0.1±0.6
Metabolic syndrome components
WC (cm)	Int.	100.6±8.2	89.5±9.1	<0.001***	−11.1±4.8	<0.001***
	Con.	101.1±7.7	99.2±7.8	0.001**	−1.9±3.2
FBS (mg/dl)	Int.	99.3±15.9	95.0±7.2	0.034*	−4.3±12.1	0.004**
	Con.	98.2±11.0	102.9±19.2	0.025	4.7±12.6
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Int.	160.5±138.4	110.6±51.0	0.015*	−49.9±111.8	0.062
	Con.	170.0±92.1	158.0±94.1	0.162	−12.0±65.3
HDL-C (mg/dl)	Int.	51.6±13.5	49.6±10.4	0.145	−2.0±10.0	0.235
	Con.	50.0±9.5	49.6±10.5	0.375	−0.4±6.6
Systolic BP (mmHg)	Int.	116.7±9.7	109.3±8.9	<0.001***	−7.4±6.8	0.009**
	Con.	116.8±13.0	114.7±10.1	0.254	−2.1±9.6
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	Int.	74.3±8.5	69.1±8.1	<0.001***	−5.2±5.8	0.011*
	Con.	73.1±8.2	71.9±8.8	0.394	−1.2±7.2

Notes: Int., intervention group (n=29); Con., control group (n=30); BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; BP, blood pressure. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

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