Table I

Methodological characteristics of studies included in this review

CharacteristicNumber of studies (%)Reference number in References
Research design
Randomized controlled trials14 (42)[6], [7], [9], [10], [14], [15], [19], [21], [22], [24], [27], [30], [31], [39] 
Quasi-experimental designs16 (49)[6], [8], [11], [17], [20], [23], [25], [28], [29], [33], [34], [36–38], [40], [42] 
Pre-test/Post-test (no control group)3 (9)[16], [35], [41] 
Sample size (n)
Smallest64 
Largest4,776 
Number of follow-up surveys
One11 (33)[6], [7], [16], [21], [29], [30], [31], [33–36],
Two12 (36)[8], [11], [14], [20], [23–25], [28], [37], [38], [40], [42],
Three7 (21)[9], [10], [15], [17], [19], [22], [41] 
Four2 (6)[26], [39] 
Five and more1 (3)[27] 
Length of final follow-up (months after end of intervention programme)
Shortest0 
Longest84 
Adolescent outcomes measured
Psychosocial outcomes only14[6], [8], [16], [24], [28], [33], [34], [40–42], [35–38] 
 Sexual behaviour outcomes  
 Sexual initiation17[7], [9], [10], [11], [14], [15], [19], [20–23], [25–27], [30], [31], [39] 
 Recent sexual activity6[7], [14], [20], [27], [29], [30] 
 Number of sexual partners3[7], [14], [27] 
 Contraceptive & condom use9[7], [10], [11], [14], [26], [27], [17], [19], [39] 
Positive adolescent outcomes
Psychosocial outcomes onlya7[6], [16], [24], [28], [34–36] 
Sexual behaviour outcomes  
 Sexual initiation12[9], [11], [14]b, [15], [20–23], [25], [27]b, [29], [30] 
 Recent sexual activity4[14], [20], [29], [30],
 Number of sexual partners1[27]b
 Contraceptive and condom use5[11], [14]b, [17], [26], [39] 

Notes: n = 33. aPositive results for multiple psychosocial variables; bresults vary, depending on type of programmes and participant characteristics

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