Characteristics of independent variables (n = 110)
| Independent variables | Frequency (%) | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-efficacy | |||
| Low perception | 10 (9.1) | 36.80 | 1.54 |
| Moderate perception | 100 (90.9) | 47.79 | 3.37 |
| High perception | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall | 110 (100) | 46.79 | 4.54 |
| Outcome expectancies | |||
| Positive outcome expectancies | 72.25 | 9.25 | |
| Negative outcome expectancies | 46.48 | 6.58 | |
| Craving | |||
| Slight craving | 48 (43.6) | 9.71 | 2.89 |
| Moderated craving | 16 (14.5) | 17.69 | 1.70 |
| High craving | 46 (41.8) | 24.61 | 2.74 |
| Overall | 110 (100) | 17.10 | 7.42 |
| Motivation | |||
| Recognition | 22.75 | 3.69 | |
| Ambivalence | 12.80 | 2.82 | |
| Taking steps | 25.84 | 5.31 | |
| Coping | |||
| Adaptive coping | 14.68 | 4.12 | |
| Maladaptive coping | 15.42 | 5.14 | |
| Emotional states | |||
| Positive emotional states | 17.00 | 3.27 | |
| Negative emotional states | 24.74 | 4.56 | |
| Social support | |||
| Low social support | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Moderated social support | 99 (90) | 48.34 | 4.58 |
| High social support | 11 (10) | 63.91 | 2.12 |
| Overall | 110 (100) | 49.90 | 6.42 |
| Independent variables | Frequency (%) | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low perception | 10 (9.1) | 36.80 | 1.54 |
| Moderate perception | 100 (90.9) | 47.79 | 3.37 |
| High perception | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall | 110 (100) | 46.79 | 4.54 |
| Positive outcome expectancies | 72.25 | 9.25 | |
| Negative outcome expectancies | 46.48 | 6.58 | |
| Slight craving | 48 (43.6) | 9.71 | 2.89 |
| Moderated craving | 16 (14.5) | 17.69 | 1.70 |
| High craving | 46 (41.8) | 24.61 | 2.74 |
| Overall | 110 (100) | 17.10 | 7.42 |
| Recognition | 22.75 | 3.69 | |
| Ambivalence | 12.80 | 2.82 | |
| Taking steps | 25.84 | 5.31 | |
| Adaptive coping | 14.68 | 4.12 | |
| Maladaptive coping | 15.42 | 5.14 | |
| Positive emotional states | 17.00 | 3.27 | |
| Negative emotional states | 24.74 | 4.56 | |
| Low social support | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Moderated social support | 99 (90) | 48.34 | 4.58 |
| High social support | 11 (10) | 63.91 | 2.12 |
| Overall | 110 (100) | 49.90 | 6.42 |
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