Baseline characteristics of T2DM patients (n = 289)
| Baseline characteristics | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | ||
| <50 | 64 | 22.1 |
| ≥50 | 225 | 77.9 |
| Mean ± SD = 59.1 ± 11.4, Range = 30–80 | ||
| Sex | ||
| Female | 198 | 68.5 |
| Male | 91 | 31.5 |
| Highest education | ||
| ≤High school | 236 | 71.7 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 53 | 18.3 |
| Family monthly income (Myanmar kyat)a | ||
| ≤300,000 | 165 | 57.1 |
| >300,000 | 124 | 42.9 |
| Median = 300,000, Range = 30,000–3,000,000 | ||
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 24 | 8.3 |
| Married | 188 | 65.1 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 77 | 26.6 |
| Working status | ||
| Yes | 122 | 42.2 |
| No | 167 | 57.8 |
| Living with | ||
| Living alone | 9 | 3.1 |
| Spouse, children or relatives | 280 | 96.9 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never or ex-smoker | 261 | 90.3 |
| Current smoker | 28 | 9.7 |
| Alcohol drinking | ||
| Never or ex-drinker | 261 | 90.3 |
| Current drinker | 28 | 9.7 |
| Body mass index (BMI) kg/m2 b | ||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 9 | 3.1 |
| Normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) | 50 | 17.3 |
| Overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2) | 44 | 15.2 |
| Obese (≥25.0 kg/m2) | 186 | 64.4 |
| Exercise | ||
| No (<30 min/day and or <3 times/ wk) | 193 | 66.8 |
| Yes (≥30 min/day and ≥3 times/ wk) | 96 | 33.2 |
| Daytime napping | ||
| No | 103 | 35.6 |
| Yes | 186 | 64.4 |
| Baseline characteristics | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| <50 | 64 | 22.1 |
| ≥50 | 225 | 77.9 |
| Mean ± SD = 59.1 ± 11.4, Range = 30–80 | ||
| Female | 198 | 68.5 |
| Male | 91 | 31.5 |
| ≤High school | 236 | 71.7 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 53 | 18.3 |
| ≤300,000 | 165 | 57.1 |
| >300,000 | 124 | 42.9 |
| Median = 300,000, Range = 30,000–3,000,000 | ||
| Single | 24 | 8.3 |
| Married | 188 | 65.1 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 77 | 26.6 |
| Yes | 122 | 42.2 |
| No | 167 | 57.8 |
| Living alone | 9 | 3.1 |
| Spouse, children or relatives | 280 | 96.9 |
| Never or ex-smoker | 261 | 90.3 |
| Current smoker | 28 | 9.7 |
| Never or ex-drinker | 261 | 90.3 |
| Current drinker | 28 | 9.7 |
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 9 | 3.1 |
| Normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) | 50 | 17.3 |
| Overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2) | 44 | 15.2 |
| Obese (≥25.0 kg/m2) | 186 | 64.4 |
| No (<30 min/day and or <3 times/ wk) | 193 | 66.8 |
| Yes (≥30 min/day and ≥3 times/ wk) | 96 | 33.2 |
| Daytime napping | ||
| No | 103 | 35.6 |
| Yes | 186 | 64.4 |
Note(s): aone USD = 1350 kyat bthe Asian cutoff point for obese was ≥23.0 kg/m2 [44]