Factors associated with the QOL in older adults by using binary logistic regression analysis
| Variables | Quality of life [n (%)] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | p-value | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≥70 | 270 (97.1%) | 8 (2.9%) | Ref | ||
| <70 | 335 (85.2%) | 58 (14.8%) | <0.001* | 5.843 | (2.743−12.449) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 338 (94.9%) | 18 (5.1%) | Ref | ||
| Male | 267 (84.8%) | 48 (15.2%) | <0.001* | 3.376 | (1.919−5.939) |
| Education | |||||
| Illiterate | 444 (93.7%) | 30 (6.3%) | Ref | ||
| Literate | 161 (81.7%) | 36 (18.3%) | <0.001* | 3.309 | (1.973−5.550) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried | 223 (92.9%) | 17 (7.1%) | Ref | ||
| Married | 382 (88.6%) | 49 (11.4%) | 0.077 | 1.683 | (0.946−2.993) |
| Income sufficiency | |||||
| Less sufficient | 400 (94.8%) | 22 (5.2%) | Ref | ||
| Highly sufficient | 205 (82.3%) | 44 (17.7%) | <0.001* | 3.902 | (2.277−6.688) |
| Physical function | |||||
| Dependent | 92 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| Independent | 513 (88.6%) | 66 (9.8%) | |||
| Chronic illness | |||||
| No | 200 (83.7%) | 39 (16.3%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 405 (93.8%) | 27 (6.3%) | <0.001* | 2.925 | (1.741−4.916) |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 558 (90.3%) | 60 (9.7%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 47 (88.7%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.706 | 1.187 | (0.487−2.892) |
| Asthma | |||||
| No | 413 (87.7%) | 58 (12.3%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 192 (96.0%) | 8 (4.0%) | 0.002* | 3.370 | (1.578−7.198) |
| Diabetic mellitus | |||||
| No | 592 (90.4%) | 63 (9.6%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 13 (81.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.237 | 2.168 | (0.602−7.815) |
| Arthritis | |||||
| No | 375 (87.2%) | 55 (12.8%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 230 (95.4%) | 11 (4.6%) | 0.001* | 3.067 | (1.573−5.980) |
| Depression | |||||
| No depression | 79 (58.1%) | 57 (41.9%) | Ref | ||
| Depression | 526 (98.3%) | 9 (1.7%) | <0.001* | 42.169 | (20.085−88.525) |
| Living arrangement | |||||
| Nuclear family | 230 (84.2%) | 43 (15.8%) | Ref | ||
| Joint family | 375 (94.2%) | 23 (5.8%) | <0.001* | 0.328 | (0.193−0.559) |
| Currently working | |||||
| No | 229 (96.6%) | 8 (3.4%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 376 (86.6%) | 58 (13.4%) | <0.001* | 4.416 | (2.071−9.416) |
| Family relationship | |||||
| No strong | 526 (96.3%) | 20 (3.7%) | Ref | ||
| Strong | 79 (63.2%) | 46 (36.8%) | <0.001* | 15.314 | (8.611−27.236) |
| Social support | |||||
| Low | 573 (96.8%) | 19 (3.2%) | Ref | ||
| High | 32 (40.5%) | 47 (59.5%) | <0.001* | 44.294 | (23.34−84.07) |
| Accessibility | |||||
| No accessibility | 411 (91.3%) | 39 (8.7%) | Ref | ||
| Accessibility | 194 (87.8%) | 27 (12.2%) | <1.148 | 1.167 | (0.872−2.466) |
| Affordability | |||||
| Not affordable | 544 (93%) | 41 (7%) | Ref | ||
| Affordable | 61 (70.9%) | 25 (29.1%) | <0.001* | 5.438 | (3.096−9.552) |
| Availability | |||||
| Available | 527 (92.3%) | 44 (7.7%) | Ref | ||
| No availability | 78 (78%) | 22 (22%) | <0.001* | 3.378 | (1.921−5.940) |
| Health service access | |||||
| Low access | 509 (93.9%) | 33 (6.1%) | Ref | ||
| High access | 96 (74.4%) | 33 (25.6%) | <0.001* | 5.302 | (3.122−9.003) |
| Social participation | |||||
| Less | 500 (93.6%) | 34 (6.4%) | Ref | ||
| High | 105 (76.6%) | 32 (23.4%) | <0.001* | 4.482 | (2.647−7.588) |
| Variables | Quality of life [ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | OR | 95% CI | ||
| ≥70 | 270 (97.1%) | 8 (2.9%) | Ref | ||
| <70 | 335 (85.2%) | 58 (14.8%) | <0.001* | 5.843 | (2.743−12.449) |
| Female | 338 (94.9%) | 18 (5.1%) | Ref | ||
| Male | 267 (84.8%) | 48 (15.2%) | <0.001* | 3.376 | (1.919−5.939) |
| Illiterate | 444 (93.7%) | 30 (6.3%) | Ref | ||
| Literate | 161 (81.7%) | 36 (18.3%) | <0.001* | 3.309 | (1.973−5.550) |
| Unmarried | 223 (92.9%) | 17 (7.1%) | Ref | ||
| Married | 382 (88.6%) | 49 (11.4%) | 0.077 | 1.683 | (0.946−2.993) |
| Less sufficient | 400 (94.8%) | 22 (5.2%) | Ref | ||
| Highly sufficient | 205 (82.3%) | 44 (17.7%) | <0.001* | 3.902 | (2.277−6.688) |
| Dependent | 92 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| Independent | 513 (88.6%) | 66 (9.8%) | |||
| No | 200 (83.7%) | 39 (16.3%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 405 (93.8%) | 27 (6.3%) | <0.001* | 2.925 | (1.741−4.916) |
| No | 558 (90.3%) | 60 (9.7%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 47 (88.7%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.706 | 1.187 | (0.487−2.892) |
| No | 413 (87.7%) | 58 (12.3%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 192 (96.0%) | 8 (4.0%) | 0.002* | 3.370 | (1.578−7.198) |
| No | 592 (90.4%) | 63 (9.6%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 13 (81.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.237 | 2.168 | (0.602−7.815) |
| No | 375 (87.2%) | 55 (12.8%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 230 (95.4%) | 11 (4.6%) | 0.001* | 3.067 | (1.573−5.980) |
| No depression | 79 (58.1%) | 57 (41.9%) | Ref | ||
| Depression | 526 (98.3%) | 9 (1.7%) | <0.001* | 42.169 | (20.085−88.525) |
| Nuclear family | 230 (84.2%) | 43 (15.8%) | Ref | ||
| Joint family | 375 (94.2%) | 23 (5.8%) | <0.001* | 0.328 | (0.193−0.559) |
| No | 229 (96.6%) | 8 (3.4%) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 376 (86.6%) | 58 (13.4%) | <0.001* | 4.416 | (2.071−9.416) |
| No strong | 526 (96.3%) | 20 (3.7%) | Ref | ||
| Strong | 79 (63.2%) | 46 (36.8%) | <0.001* | 15.314 | (8.611−27.236) |
| Low | 573 (96.8%) | 19 (3.2%) | Ref | ||
| High | 32 (40.5%) | 47 (59.5%) | <0.001* | 44.294 | (23.34−84.07) |
| No accessibility | 411 (91.3%) | 39 (8.7%) | Ref | ||
| Accessibility | 194 (87.8%) | 27 (12.2%) | <1.148 | 1.167 | (0.872−2.466) |
| Not affordable | 544 (93%) | 41 (7%) | Ref | ||
| Affordable | 61 (70.9%) | 25 (29.1%) | <0.001* | 5.438 | (3.096−9.552) |
| Available | 527 (92.3%) | 44 (7.7%) | Ref | ||
| No availability | 78 (78%) | 22 (22%) | <0.001* | 3.378 | (1.921−5.940) |
| Low access | 509 (93.9%) | 33 (6.1%) | Ref | ||
| High access | 96 (74.4%) | 33 (25.6%) | <0.001* | 5.302 | (3.122−9.003) |
| Less | 500 (93.6%) | 34 (6.4%) | Ref | ||
| High | 105 (76.6%) | 32 (23.4%) | <0.001* | 4.482 | (2.647−7.588) |
Note(s): p-value < 0.05; *** OR = odds ratio, 95% CI = 95% confident interval
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