Three-level logistic regression model for finding potential factors associated with ANC, facility delivery and PNC
| Covariates | ANC | Facility delivery | PNC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Year | ||||||
| 2014 | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | 0.000 | 1.85 (1.68–2.03) | 0.000 | 2.47 (2.27–2.70) | 0.000 |
| 2011R | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 21–30 | 1.07 (0.94–1.12) | 0.286 | 1.32 (1.16–1.50) | 0.000 | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 0.249 |
| >30 | 1.23 (1.01–1.49) | 0.036 | 1.82 (1.49–2.21) | 0.000 | 1.27 (1.06–1.51) | 0.008 |
| ≤20R | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poorer | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | 0.299 | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 0.006 | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.029 |
| Middle | 1.31 (1.10–1.56) | 0.002 | 1.69 (1.42–2.01) | 0.000 | 1.40 (1.22–1.61) | 0.000 |
| Richer | 1.77 (1.48–2.11) | 0.000 | 2.43 (2.04–2.89) | 0.000 | 2.08 (1.79–2.40) | 0.000 |
| Richest | 3.46 (2.84–4.20) | 0.000 | 4.61 (3.79–5.62) | 0.000 | 3.80 (3.17–4.56) | 0.000 |
| PoorestR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Husband's education | ||||||
| Primary | 1.05 (0.90–1.21) | 0.488 | 1.14 (0.98–1.31) | 0.069 | 1.04 (0.92–1.16) | 0.488 |
| Secondary | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 0.004 | 1.40 (1.21–1.63) | 0.000 | 1.29 (1.13–1.46) | 0.000 |
| Higher | 1.89 (1.58–2.27) | 0.000 | 2.60 (2.18–3.11) | 0.000 | 2.23 (1.87–2.65) | 0.000 |
| No educationR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Wanted index child | ||||||
| Yes | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.031 | 1.05 (0.93–1.17) | 0.410 | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 0.501 |
| NoR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Parity | ||||||
| 2nd | 0.81 (0.72–0.92) | 0.001 | 0.58 (0.52–0.66) | 0.000 | 0.71 (0.629–0.75) | 0.000 |
| 3rd | 0.68 (0.58–0.80) | 0.000 | 0.49 (0.42–0.58) | 0.000 | 0.67 (0.58–0.78) | 0.000 |
| 3+ | 0.47 (0.38–0.59) | 0.000 | 0.31 (0.25–0.38) | 0.000 | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | 0.000 |
| 1stR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Sex of child | ||||||
| Female | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.057 | ||||
| MaleR | 1.00 | |||||
| KLI | ||||||
| Medium | 1.56 (1.34–1.81) | 0.000 | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) | 0.014 | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 0.009 |
| High | 2.14 (1.83–2.51) | 0.000 | 1.71 (1.47–1.99) | 0.000 | 1.56 (1.37–1.77) | 0.000 |
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ATPVI | ||||||
| Medium | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) | 0.089 | 1.08 (0.82–1.42) | 0.570 | 1.05 (0.83–1.31) | 0.664 |
| High | 1.47 (1.14–1.91) | 0.003 | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 0.014 | 1.21 (1.00–1.49) | 0.050 |
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| DMPI | ||||||
| Medium | 1.19 (1.02–1.38) | 0.022 | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 0.080 | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | 0.017 |
| High | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | 0.000 | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0.029 | 1.16 (1.05–1.27) | 0.002 |
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| LFPI | ||||||
| Medium | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.583 | 1.36 (0.96–1.92) | 0.074 | ||
| High | 0.76 (0.67–0.88) | 0.000 | 1.25 (1.11–1.92) | 0.000 | ||
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Constant | 0.08 (0.05–0.11) | 0.000 | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) | 0.000 | 0.29 (0.21–0.41) | 0.000 |
| Random effects | ||||||
| Division | 0.23 (0.056–0.923) | 0.16 (0.01–2.34) | 0.11 (0.009–1.30) | |||
| Place of resid | 0.35 (0.202–0.652) | 0.38 (0.21–0.66) | 0.22 (0.11–0.42) | |||
| ICC | ||||||
| Division | 0.014 | 0.007 | 0.004 | |||
| Place of resident |division | 0.051 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |||
| Covariates | ANC | Facility delivery | PNC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||||
| 2014 | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | 0.000 | 1.85 (1.68–2.03) | 0.000 | 2.47 (2.27–2.70) | 0.000 |
| 2011R | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 21–30 | 1.07 (0.94–1.12) | 0.286 | 1.32 (1.16–1.50) | 0.000 | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 0.249 |
| >30 | 1.23 (1.01–1.49) | 0.036 | 1.82 (1.49–2.21) | 0.000 | 1.27 (1.06–1.51) | 0.008 |
| ≤20R | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Poorer | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | 0.299 | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 0.006 | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.029 |
| Middle | 1.31 (1.10–1.56) | 0.002 | 1.69 (1.42–2.01) | 0.000 | 1.40 (1.22–1.61) | 0.000 |
| Richer | 1.77 (1.48–2.11) | 0.000 | 2.43 (2.04–2.89) | 0.000 | 2.08 (1.79–2.40) | 0.000 |
| Richest | 3.46 (2.84–4.20) | 0.000 | 4.61 (3.79–5.62) | 0.000 | 3.80 (3.17–4.56) | 0.000 |
| PoorestR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Primary | 1.05 (0.90–1.21) | 0.488 | 1.14 (0.98–1.31) | 0.069 | 1.04 (0.92–1.16) | 0.488 |
| Secondary | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 0.004 | 1.40 (1.21–1.63) | 0.000 | 1.29 (1.13–1.46) | 0.000 |
| Higher | 1.89 (1.58–2.27) | 0.000 | 2.60 (2.18–3.11) | 0.000 | 2.23 (1.87–2.65) | 0.000 |
| No educationR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.031 | 1.05 (0.93–1.17) | 0.410 | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 0.501 |
| NoR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 2nd | 0.81 (0.72–0.92) | 0.001 | 0.58 (0.52–0.66) | 0.000 | 0.71 (0.629–0.75) | 0.000 |
| 3rd | 0.68 (0.58–0.80) | 0.000 | 0.49 (0.42–0.58) | 0.000 | 0.67 (0.58–0.78) | 0.000 |
| 3+ | 0.47 (0.38–0.59) | 0.000 | 0.31 (0.25–0.38) | 0.000 | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | 0.000 |
| 1stR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Female | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.057 | ||||
| MaleR | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 1.56 (1.34–1.81) | 0.000 | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) | 0.014 | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 0.009 |
| High | 2.14 (1.83–2.51) | 0.000 | 1.71 (1.47–1.99) | 0.000 | 1.56 (1.37–1.77) | 0.000 |
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Medium | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) | 0.089 | 1.08 (0.82–1.42) | 0.570 | 1.05 (0.83–1.31) | 0.664 |
| High | 1.47 (1.14–1.91) | 0.003 | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 0.014 | 1.21 (1.00–1.49) | 0.050 |
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Medium | 1.19 (1.02–1.38) | 0.022 | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 0.080 | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | 0.017 |
| High | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | 0.000 | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0.029 | 1.16 (1.05–1.27) | 0.002 |
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Medium | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.583 | 1.36 (0.96–1.92) | 0.074 | ||
| High | 0.76 (0.67–0.88) | 0.000 | 1.25 (1.11–1.92) | 0.000 | ||
| LowR | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.08 (0.05–0.11) | 0.000 | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) | 0.000 | 0.29 (0.21–0.41) | 0.000 | |
| Division | 0.23 (0.056–0.923) | 0.16 (0.01–2.34) | 0.11 (0.009–1.30) | |||
| Place of resid | 0.35 (0.202–0.652) | 0.38 (0.21–0.66) | 0.22 (0.11–0.42) | |||
| Division | 0.014 | 0.007 | 0.004 | |||
| Place of resident |division | 0.051 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |||
Note(s): RReference category, AOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval