Table 3 Multivariate analysis using...

Table 3

Multivariate analysis using logistic regression

Characteristics	NER region	Arunachal Pradesh	Assam	Manipur	Meghalaya	Mizoram	Nagaland	Sikkim	Tripura
Characteristics	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef
Type of residence
Rural (urban reference)	1.146**	1.333***	1.253**	2.269***	2.221***	1.761***	1.677***	1.341*	2.355***
Sex of head
Female (male reference)	0.839***	0.923	0.895	0.922	0.808**	0.889	0.922	1.220	0.922
Marital status
Married (never married reference)	1.472***	1.518***	1.575**	0.579	3.445***	1.674***	1.175	1.579**	1.898**
Widowed/Separated/Divorced	1.578***	1.464***	1.661**	0.869	3.728***	1.662**	1.205	1.335	1.740
Social group
ST (SC reference)	1.648***	1.687***	0.815	1.062	1.269	0.829	7.929**	1.3400	0.909
OBC	0.648***	0.794	1.046	1.796	0.956	0.641	2.006	1.290	0.683**
None of the above	0.616***	1.071	1.182	1.340	0.346**	0.019	3.932*	0.616**	0.699**
Religion
Muslim (Hindu reference)	0.552***	0.560**	0.927	1.191	1.765	0.169**	0.211*	1.346	0.866
Christian	1.136	1.465***	1.304	0.564	1.088	2.474	0.142**	0.916	0.780
Others	2.231***	1.585***	1.903**	1.165	1.952**	0.504	0.114**	0.955	0.892
Age of household head
35–44 ages (<35 ages reference)	1.090***	1.346***	1.146	1.523*	1.361***	1.280**	1.115	1.149	1.458***
45–59	1.110***	1.603***	1.332***	1.434	1.532***	1.406***	1.227	1.605***	1.345**
60–100	0.852***	1.569***	1.163	1.049	1.244*	1.543***	1.293	1.610***	1.325*
Wealth index
Poor (poorest reference)	1.261***	1.159	1.118	0.912	1.739***	1.492***	1.031	1.311*	1.608***
Middle	1.357***	1.500***	1.458***	1.476	2.521***	1.588***	0.704*	1.995***	1.073
Richer	1.365***	1.747***	1.396***	2.378***	2.875***	1.420**	0.625**	2.494***	0.754
Richest	1.547***	2.057***	2.642***	3.372***	3.032***	1.173	0.668*	3.474***	0.303***
Educational level of household head
Incomplete primary (no education as reference)	1.080	1.326***	0.974	1.172	1.019	1.366**	1.213	1.073	1.301*
Complete primary	1.012	1.172	0.908	1.402	0.757*	1.363**	1.126	1.275*	1.530**
Incomplete secondary	0.826***	1.282***	0.881	1.399	0.890	1.559***	1.301**	1.438***	1.017
Complete secondary	0.878**	1.378***	1.155	0.956	1.133	0.996	1.442	2.044***	0.489***
Higher secondary and above	0.843***	1.371***	1.866***	1.627	0.766	1.183	1.675**	2.868***	0.430***
Bank account
Yes (no reference)	2.708***	2.159***	1.823***	2.405***	1.149	3.518***	1.829***	1.210	5.488***
BPL card
Yes (no reference)	1.550***	1.656***	1.189***	1.15	1.831***	1.606***	2.158***	0.966	2.764***
Constant	0.053	0.077	0.016	0.004	0.019	0.027	0.014	0.051	0.069

Characteristics	NER region	Arunachal Pradesh	Assam	Manipur	Meghalaya	Mizoram	Nagaland	Sikkim	Tripura
Characteristics	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef	(Odds ratio) coef
Type of residence
Rural (urban reference)	1.146**	1.333***	1.253**	2.269***	2.221***	1.761***	1.677***	1.341*	2.355***
Sex of head
Female (male reference)	0.839***	0.923	0.895	0.922	0.808**	0.889	0.922	1.220	0.922
Marital status
Married (never married reference)	1.472***	1.518***	1.575**	0.579	3.445***	1.674***	1.175	1.579**	1.898**
Widowed/Separated/Divorced	1.578***	1.464***	1.661**	0.869	3.728***	1.662**	1.205	1.335	1.740
Social group
ST (SC reference)	1.648***	1.687***	0.815	1.062	1.269	0.829	7.929**	1.3400	0.909
OBC	0.648***	0.794	1.046	1.796	0.956	0.641	2.006	1.290	0.683**
None of the above	0.616***	1.071	1.182	1.340	0.346**	0.019	3.932*	0.616**	0.699**
Religion
Muslim (Hindu reference)	0.552***	0.560**	0.927	1.191	1.765	0.169**	0.211*	1.346	0.866
Christian	1.136	1.465***	1.304	0.564	1.088	2.474	0.142**	0.916	0.780
Others	2.231***	1.585***	1.903**	1.165	1.952**	0.504	0.114**	0.955	0.892
Age of household head
35–44 ages (<35 ages reference)	1.090***	1.346***	1.146	1.523*	1.361***	1.280**	1.115	1.149	1.458***
45–59	1.110***	1.603***	1.332***	1.434	1.532***	1.406***	1.227	1.605***	1.345**
60–100	0.852***	1.569***	1.163	1.049	1.244*	1.543***	1.293	1.610***	1.325*
Wealth index
Poor (poorest reference)	1.261***	1.159	1.118	0.912	1.739***	1.492***	1.031	1.311*	1.608***
Middle	1.357***	1.500***	1.458***	1.476	2.521***	1.588***	0.704*	1.995***	1.073
Richer	1.365***	1.747***	1.396***	2.378***	2.875***	1.420**	0.625**	2.494***	0.754
Richest	1.547***	2.057***	2.642***	3.372***	3.032***	1.173	0.668*	3.474***	0.303***
Educational level of household head
Incomplete primary (no education as reference)	1.080	1.326***	0.974	1.172	1.019	1.366**	1.213	1.073	1.301*
Complete primary	1.012	1.172	0.908	1.402	0.757*	1.363**	1.126	1.275*	1.530**
Incomplete secondary	0.826***	1.282***	0.881	1.399	0.890	1.559***	1.301**	1.438***	1.017
Complete secondary	0.878**	1.378***	1.155	0.956	1.133	0.996	1.442	2.044***	0.489***
Higher secondary and above	0.843***	1.371***	1.866***	1.627	0.766	1.183	1.675**	2.868***	0.430***
Bank account
Yes (no reference)	2.708***	2.159***	1.823***	2.405***	1.149	3.518***	1.829***	1.210	5.488***
BPL card
Yes (no reference)	1.550***	1.656***	1.189***	1.15	1.831***	1.606***	2.158***	0.966	2.764***
Constant	0.053	0.077	0.016	0.004	0.019	0.027	0.014	0.051	0.069

Note(s): Statistically significant ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Authors’ calculation from NFHS-4 raw data

[ViewLarge]