Table 8.

Variable definitions and descriptive statistics

VariableDefinitionTypeMinMaxMeanSD
Dependent variable
Total citationTotal count of citationsC010513.9218.115
Independent variable
Lead paper1 if article is the first paper of an issue, otherwise 0D010.1170.322
Special issue1 if article appeared in a special issue, otherwise 0D010.2130.410
Number of AuthorsCount of number of authors in the articleC162.7111.079
Number of keywordsCount of number of keywords in the articleC2125.5701.428
Article age2021 minus publishing year of the articleC0114.2583.312
Article lengthPage count involved in the articleC75716.4195.015
Number of referencesCount of number of references in the articleC1017359.79425.405
Title lengthCount of the number of words in the article titleC0191.9384.730
USA1 if any of the authors is affiliated to a US institution, otherwise 0D010.4810.501
Quantitative1 if research design of the article is quantitative, otherwise 0D010.7660.424
Qualitative1 if research design of the article is qualitative, otherwise 0D010.0930.291
Empirical1 if research design of the article is empirical, otherwise 0D010.8520.355
Review and conceptual1 if research method of the article is review or conceptual, otherwise 0D010.1550.362
Hotel and accommodation1 if the article focuses on hotel and accommodation, otherwise 0D010.4020.491
Food and beverage1 if the article focuses on food and beverage, otherwise 0D010.0790.270
Tourism1 if the article focuses on tourism, otherwise 0D010.2710.445
Travel and leisure1 if the article focuses on travel and leisure, otherwise 0D010.1960.398
Restaurants1 if the article focuses on restaurants, otherwise 0D010.0890.286

Notes:

C = count variable; D = dichotomous variable; Min = minimum value; Max = maximum value; SD = standard deviation

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