Content analysis in tourism research and CATA
| CATA | Author(s) | Research theme | Sample size | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leximancer | Wu et al. (2014) | Tourists’ experiences in Beijing’s Silk Market | 149 review items | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor |
| Tseng et al. (2015) | Major themes about Mainland China's destination image | 630 bloggers | Internet information and user-generated content | |
| Tkaczynski et al. (2015) | Fraser Coast destination image | 517 vacationers | Self-administered questionnaire during and post vacation | |
| Sun et al. (2015) | Perceptions of New Zealand's South Island landscapes | 235 Chinese tourists interviewed | An open-ended semi-structured questionnaire and followed by a second component where tourists had to select from a series of photographs of iconic components | |
| Chiu et al. (2017) | Tourists’ experiences of watching professional baseball games in Korea | 152 reviews | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | |
| Chiu and Leng (2017) | Tourists' cycling experience in Singapore from online reviews | 409 reviews on local companies’ bike tour service | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | |
| Boo and Busser (2018) | Meeting planners' online reviews of destination hotel | 696 reviews of 173 hotels | International tourist reviews | |
| Pearce and Wu (2018) | International tourists’ experiences of Sanjie Liu in southern China | 359 reviews | Reviews in English on TripAdvisor | |
| Cheng and Jin (2019) | Attributes that influence Airbnb users’ experiences | 181,263 reviews | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | |
| CATPAC | Govers et al. (2007a, 2007b) | Pre-visit perceived image of seven sample destinations | 1,100 online survey responses | Visitors to the virtual travel community at Travellerspoint.com |
| Zhang et al. (2016) | A Beijing film tourist attraction (Grand View Gardens) | 20 residents | Data from qualitative interviews | |
| Zhang and Ryan (2018) | Local residents’ perceptions of a Chinese film site | 20 tourists and 20 local residents | Data from qualitative interviews | |
| CATPAC and WORDER | Stepchenkova and Morrison (2006) | Russia's destination image in the online environment | 212 websites | Online content of tour operator websites about Russia |
| Stepchenkova and Morrison (2008) | Stereotypical and effective images of Russia among US pleasure travelers | 337 US pleasure travelers | Web-based survey with open-ended responses, comparing the favorability of effective images for US visitors and non-visitors | |
| CATPAC and TextSmart | Ryan and Cave (2005) | Conversations with various groups of residents and visitors in New Zealand with reference to Auckland as a visitor destination | 40 responses | Data from qualitative interviews |
| CATPAC and Leximancer | Trinh and Ryan (2017) | Similarities and differences between Australian, Chinese, German and New Zealand visitors to a Maori cultural site | More than 200 respondents | Data from qualitative interviews |
| Nvivo | Xiao and Mair (2006) | China’s destination image in newspaper articles | 41 newspapers | Articles about China published in major English newspapers |
| O’Connor (2010) | Causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among reviewers | 100 hotels | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | |
| Wong et al. (2020) | Hotel guest satisfaction in Kuala Lumpur | 192 hotels | Rated hotels on TripAdvisor | |
| CATPAC II SPSS | Choi et al. (2007) | Image representations of Macau on the Internet | 61 websites | Sample of websites (12 magazines, 15 travel guide, 20 travel trade and 14 travel blogs) |
| VBPRO and SPSS | Andsager and Drzewiecka (2002) | Image representations of New York City and South Africa | 52 respondents | Data from qualitative interviews |
| SPSS and TextSmart | Lockyer (2005) | The most important factors to consider when booking a motel or hotel | Four focus groups using a modified nominal group approach | Focus group discussion |
| IBM Watson Explorer Content Analytics 11.0.1 | Nakayama and Wan (2018) | Cultural differences between Western and Japanese reviews of a Japanese restaurant | 56,159 Japanese reviews and 76,704 Western reviews | Tourist reviews on Yelp (www.yelp.co.jp) |
| CATA | Author(s) | Research theme | Sample size | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leximancer | Tourists’ experiences in Beijing’s Silk Market | 149 review items | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | |
| Major themes about Mainland China's destination image | 630 bloggers | Internet information and user-generated content | ||
| Fraser Coast destination image | 517 vacationers | Self-administered questionnaire during and post vacation | ||
| Perceptions of New Zealand's South Island landscapes | 235 Chinese tourists interviewed | An open-ended semi-structured questionnaire and followed by a second component where tourists had to select from a series of photographs of iconic components | ||
| Tourists’ experiences of watching professional baseball games in Korea | 152 reviews | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | ||
| Tourists' cycling experience in Singapore from online reviews | 409 reviews on local companies’ bike tour service | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | ||
| Meeting planners' online reviews of destination hotel | 696 reviews of 173 hotels | International tourist reviews | ||
| International tourists’ experiences of Sanjie Liu in southern China | 359 reviews | Reviews in English on TripAdvisor | ||
| Attributes that influence Airbnb users’ experiences | 181,263 reviews | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | ||
| CATPAC | Pre-visit perceived image of seven sample destinations | 1,100 online survey responses | Visitors to the virtual travel community at Travellerspoint.com | |
| A Beijing film tourist attraction (Grand View Gardens) | 20 residents | Data from qualitative interviews | ||
| Local residents’ perceptions of a Chinese film site | 20 tourists and 20 local residents | Data from qualitative interviews | ||
| CATPAC and WORDER | Russia's destination image in the online environment | 212 websites | Online content of tour operator websites about Russia | |
| Stereotypical and effective images of Russia among US pleasure travelers | 337 US pleasure travelers | Web-based survey with open-ended responses, comparing the favorability of effective images for US visitors and non-visitors | ||
| CATPAC and TextSmart | Conversations with various groups of residents and visitors in New Zealand with reference to Auckland as a visitor destination | 40 responses | Data from qualitative interviews | |
| CATPAC and Leximancer | Similarities and differences between Australian, Chinese, German and New Zealand visitors to a Maori cultural site | More than 200 respondents | Data from qualitative interviews | |
| Nvivo | China’s destination image in newspaper articles | 41 newspapers | Articles about China published in major English newspapers | |
| Causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among reviewers | 100 hotels | International tourist reviews on TripAdvisor | ||
| Hotel guest satisfaction in Kuala Lumpur | 192 hotels | Rated hotels on TripAdvisor | ||
| CATPAC II SPSS | Image representations of Macau on the Internet | 61 websites | Sample of websites (12 magazines, 15 travel guide, 20 travel trade and 14 travel blogs) | |
| VBPRO and SPSS | Image representations of New York City and South Africa | 52 respondents | Data from qualitative interviews | |
| SPSS and TextSmart | The most important factors to consider when booking a motel or hotel | Four focus groups using a modified nominal group approach | Focus group discussion | |
| IBM Watson Explorer Content Analytics 11.0.1 | Cultural differences between Western and Japanese reviews of a Japanese restaurant | 56,159 Japanese reviews and 76,704 Western reviews | Tourist reviews on Yelp ( |
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