Table I Different types of science and... | Emerald Publishing

Table I

Different types of science and technology innovation policies

Classification	Nationwide	Shandong province
Science and technology system, mechanism, and policy	The reform of scientific research institution, the management of technology plan, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, innovation demonstration zone (demonstration province) pilot, etc.	The reform of scientific research institution, the reform of science and technology reward system, independent innovation demonstration zone, the development of agricultural high-tech industry and seed industry technology, etc.
Financial guidance policy	Technology funding and finance, technology finance and taxation, special fund supervision of science and technology plan, responsibility system of subject, etc.	Key research and development expenses plus deductions, financial subsidies for research and development funds, management of subsidies for service agencies, etc.
Enterprise technology innovation policy	High-tech enterprises, R&D subsidies, mass entrepreneurship, support for the innovation platform, and the creation of space development services, etc.	Innovation and development of small and micro enterprises in science and technology, promotion of innovation coupons, promotion of development of innovative industrial clusters, etc.
Science and technology talent policy	Science and technology talents and talent development, science and technology leading talents, talent classification evaluation, support for the transformation of scientific research results, etc.	Implementation opinions on talent development system, Taishan scholar project, youth science and technology talent innovation, science and technology leading talent innovation studio, top talents “one case one discussion” implementation, etc.
Intellectual property policy	The IP Office strongly supports and announces the patent award method, etc.	Implementation of the Intellectual Property Strategic Behavior Plan and the Shandong Patent Awards, etc.

Classification	Nationwide	Shandong province
Science and technology system, mechanism, and policy	The reform of scientific research institution, the management of technology plan, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, innovation demonstration zone (demonstration province) pilot, etc.	The reform of scientific research institution, the reform of science and technology reward system, independent innovation demonstration zone, the development of agricultural high-tech industry and seed industry technology, etc.
Financial guidance policy	Technology funding and finance, technology finance and taxation, special fund supervision of science and technology plan, responsibility system of subject, etc.	Key research and development expenses plus deductions, financial subsidies for research and development funds, management of subsidies for service agencies, etc.
Enterprise technology innovation policy	High-tech enterprises, R&D subsidies, mass entrepreneurship, support for the innovation platform, and the creation of space development services, etc.	Innovation and development of small and micro enterprises in science and technology, promotion of innovation coupons, promotion of development of innovative industrial clusters, etc.
Science and technology talent policy	Science and technology talents and talent development, science and technology leading talents, talent classification evaluation, support for the transformation of scientific research results, etc.	Implementation opinions on talent development system, Taishan scholar project, youth science and technology talent innovation, science and technology leading talent innovation studio, top talents “one case one discussion” implementation, etc.
Intellectual property policy	The IP Office strongly supports and announces the patent award method, etc.	Implementation of the Intellectual Property Strategic Behavior Plan and the Shandong Patent Awards, etc.