Table IV Empirical results: parameter...

Table IV

Empirical results: parameter estimates (standardised structural coefficients)

Direct effects	Beta
Willingness to share knowledge → NPD innovativeness^a (H1a)	0.11*
Willingness to share knowledge → NPD performance^b (H1b)	0.17**
NPD innovativeness → NPD performance	0.48***
Control paths
Differentiation strategy → NPD innovativeness	0.51***
Differentiation strategy → NPD performance	0.03
Mediating effects^c
Willingness to share knowledge → NPD innovativeness → NPD performance
Total effect	0.23 (0.12/.35) sig
Direct effect	0.17 (0.01/.29) sig
Indirect effect (H2)	0.06 (0.01/.12) sig
Moderating effects
Willingness to share knowledge × Market turbulence → NPD innovativeness (H3a)	−0.02
Willingness to share knowledge × Market turbulence → NPD performance (H3b)	0.00

Direct effects	Beta
Willingness to share knowledge → NPD innovativeness^a (H1a)	0.11*
Willingness to share knowledge → NPD performance^b (H1b)	0.17**
NPD innovativeness → NPD performance	0.48***
Control paths
Differentiation strategy → NPD innovativeness	0.51***
Differentiation strategy → NPD performance	0.03
Mediating effects^c
Willingness to share knowledge → NPD innovativeness → NPD performance
Total effect	0.23 (0.12/.35) sig
Direct effect	0.17 (0.01/.29) sig
Indirect effect (H2)	0.06 (0.01/.12) sig
Moderating effects
Willingness to share knowledge × Market turbulence → NPD innovativeness (H3a)	−0.02
Willingness to share knowledge × Market turbulence → NPD performance (H3b)	0.00

Notes: Model fit: χ² (141) = 250.87; χ²/df = 1.77; p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.051; SRMR = 0.04; NNFI = 0.96; CFI = 0.97;

***

p < 0.001;

p < 0.01;

p < 0.05.

R² (variance explained) = 0.30;

R² = 0.31;

point estimates. Lower and upper bootstrapping confidence intervals are in parentheses. Confidence intervals containing zero are interpreted as not significant (n.s.), and confidence intervals not containing 0 are interpreted as significant (sig)

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