Table AI Measurement constructs... | Emerald Publishing

Table AI

Measurement constructs

Construct and definition (measures inspired by or based on)	Items (factor loadings in parentheses)
Willingness to share knowledge: individual’s tendency to engage in tacit knowledge sharing behaviour (Holste and Fields, 2010) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree) If requested to do so, I would allow my colleague to spend significant time observing and collaborating with me for him/her to better understand and learn from my work (0.88) I would willingly share with my colleague rules of thumb, tricks of the trade and other insights into the work of my office and that of the organisation that I have learned (0.98) I would willingly share my new ideas with my colleague (0.87)
NPD innovativeness: the extent to which a firm’s products are superior in the market compared to competitors’ products in terms of novelty, customer response and first-to-market entry (Keszey and Biemans, 2016) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree) We enter first-to-market with our product innovations (0.88) We have more product innovations than our competitors (0.91) Our NPDs were more successful than our competitors’ (0.89) Our NPDs were more novel and innovative compared to our competitors’ (0.89) The market response to our NPDs were more positive than to our competitors’ (0.89)
NPD financial performance: the extent to which NPD financial objectives were met (De Luca and Atuahene-Gima, 2007) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree) NPD sales goals relative to stated objectives (0.87) NPD return on investment related to stated objectives (0.67) NPD return on assets related to stated objectives (0.94) NPD profitability relative to stated objectives (0.89)
Market turbulence: the rate of change in the composition of customers and their preferences. (Jaworski and Kohli, 1993) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree) In our kind of business, customers’ product preferences change quite a bit over time (0.71) Our customers tend to look for new products all the time (0.76) We are witnessing demand for our products and services from customers who never bought them before (0.71) New customers tend to have product related needs that are different from those of our existing customers (0.71)
Differentiation strategy: the extent to which a company’s market positioning focuses on providing superior product value to the customer. (Homburg et al., 1999) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree) Our firm/business unit emphasises competitive advantage through superior products (0.80) Our firm/business unit emphasises building up a premium product or brand image (0.76) Our firm/business unit emphasises new product development (0.65)

Construct and definition (measures inspired by or based on)	Items (factor loadings in parentheses)
Willingness to share knowledge: individual’s tendency to engage in tacit knowledge sharing behaviour(Holste and Fields, 2010) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree)If requested to do so, I would allow my colleague to spend significant time observing and collaborating with me for him/her to better understand and learn from my work (0.88)I would willingly share with my colleague rules of thumb, tricks of the trade and other insights into the work of my office and that of the organisation that I have learned (0.98)I would willingly share my new ideas with my colleague (0.87)
NPD innovativeness: the extent to which a firm’s products are superior in the market compared to competitors’ products in terms of novelty, customer response and first-to-market entry(Keszey and Biemans, 2016) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree)We enter first-to-market with our product innovations (0.88)We have more product innovations than our competitors (0.91)Our NPDs were more successful than our competitors’ (0.89)Our NPDs were more novel and innovative compared to our competitors’ (0.89)The market response to our NPDs were more positive than to our competitors’ (0.89)
NPD financial performance: the extent to which NPD financial objectives were met(De Luca and Atuahene-Gima, 2007)(reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree)NPD sales goals relative to stated objectives (0.87)NPD return on investment related to stated objectives (0.67)NPD return on assets related to stated objectives (0.94)NPD profitability relative to stated objectives (0.89)
Market turbulence: the rate of change in the composition of customers and their preferences.(Jaworski and Kohli, 1993) (reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree)In our kind of business, customers’ product preferences change quite a bit over time (0.71)Our customers tend to look for new products all the time (0.76)We are witnessing demand for our products and services from customers who never bought them before (0.71)New customers tend to have product related needs that are different from those of our existing customers (0.71)
Differentiation strategy: the extent to which a company’s market positioning focuses on providing superior product value to the customer.(Homburg et al., 1999)(reflective)	(1 = fully disagree, 7 = fully agree)Our firm/business unit emphasises competitive advantage through superior products (0.80)Our firm/business unit emphasises building up a premium product or brand image (0.76)Our firm/business unit emphasises new product development (0.65)

Notes: Model fit: χ² = 250.55, df = 139; χ²/df = 1.80; p = 0.000; AGFI = 0.89, GFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.94, IFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.05, PCLOSE = 0.35. All loadings are significant at the p < 0.001 level