Table I

Variables measuring value proposition

VariableSourceDescription
ConvenienceKim and Mauborgne (2000) The 3D printer is very convenient for its users (e.g. a simple, easy-to-use printer)
Customer productivityKim and Mauborgne (2000) The company claims that the 3D printer is able to increase customers’ productivity
Customer serviceMorris et al. (2006) The company focuses on customer service (e.g. a 24/7 service hotline)
Environmental friendlinessKim and Mauborgne (2000) The company has a special focus on environmental issues (e.g. usage of biocompatible filament, low emission printers)
ExpertiseMorris et al. (2006) The company claims that it has much expertise (e.g. industry experience, expertise in printer development, filed patents)
FlexibilityInductive formationThe 3D printer is flexible (e.g. it can handle different printing materials/filaments)
Innovation leadershipMorris et al. (2006) The company claims that its products are innovative and novel (e.g. its printers being the first that provide a specific feature)
Low costMorris et al. (2006) The company claims that it offers its 3D printers at low prices
QualityMorris et al. (2006) The company offers high-quality 3D printers (e.g. printers with high accuracy, award-winning product)
ReliabilityKim and Mauborgne (2000) The 3D printer is very reliable (e.g. printers need little or no maintenance)
SecurityKim and Mauborgne (2000) The 3D printer is secure (e.g. usage of its printer is safe for everyone)
SoftwareInductive formationThe company provides its own specific software for the best printing results
SpeedInductive formationThe 3D printer is fast (e.g. it produces objects faster than the industry standard)
TrainingKim and Mauborgne (2000) The company offers special trainings to operate its 3D printers
VarietyInductive formationThe company offers a variety of different products (e.g. a broad range of printers, upgrades for printers, or additional accessories such as scanners)

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