Table 2 Overviews of empirical studies... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Overviews of empirical studies that prioritize factors for the selection of various AM technologies

Source	Method and derivation of factors	Context	Least important factors	Most important factors
Schniederjans (2017)	Survey, statistical analysis; diffusion of innovation theory (DOI), theory of technology adoption and usage	270 top-management representatives from US manufacturing firms	Trialability Observability Social influence	Relative advantage Compatibility Facilitating conditions Performance expectancy
Schniederjans and Yalcin (2018)	Structured interviews, nonparametric statistical analysis 16 factors from the five most mainstream innovation adoption theories	63 top managers from US manufacturing firms	Complexity, effort expectancy Perceived behavioral control Perceived ease of use Facilitating conditions Trialability Mimetic pressures, observability	Performance expectancy Relative advantage Perceived usefulness Compatibility Social influence Coercive pressures
Yeh and Chen (2018)	Group decision analytic hierarchy process; nonsystematic AM literature review fitted into technology-organizational-environment-cost framework	18 upper management level experts, Taiwanese manufacturing industry	Government policy Top management support Organizational readiness Technology infrastructure	Cost (material, machine, labor) Technology (relative advantage) Environment (partners)
Hasan et al. (2019)	Delphi study; factors for mass adoption of AM in conventional manufacturing processes according to participants	Eight participants from the USA and UK, both from academia and industry	Process automation Market demand Public acceptance Manufacturing speed	AM-adapted technical support and services Cost of products, production and post processing Machine tolerances, process stability, part-to-part variability Availability of quality assurance protocols Availability of materials, material property data and print parameters Increasing acceptance by large companies
Marak et al. (2019)	Survey, statistical analysis, DOI theory	92 Indian firms	Compatibility Observability	Relative advantage Trialability Ease of use
Niaki et al. (2019a, b)	BWM analysis, factors collected in qualitative survey	88 companies across 22 countries (survey), 12 AM experts (BWM)	Environmental and social benefits Customer expectation Technology adaptability Business and market expectation	AM enabling creativity and innovation Design complexity and customization Low-volume production Quick and economic prototyping Cost and time savings

Source	Method and derivation of factors	Context	Least important factors	Most important factors
Schniederjans (2017)	Survey, statistical analysis; diffusion of innovation theory (DOI), theory of technology adoption and usage	270 top-management representatives from US manufacturing firms	Trialability Observability Social influence	Relative advantage Compatibility Facilitating conditions Performance expectancy
Schniederjans and Yalcin (2018)	Structured interviews, nonparametric statistical analysis16 factors from the five most mainstream innovation adoption theories	63 top managers from US manufacturing firms	Complexity, effort expectancy Perceived behavioral control Perceived ease of use Facilitating conditions Trialability Mimetic pressures, observability	Performance expectancy Relative advantage Perceived usefulness Compatibility Social influence Coercive pressures
Yeh and Chen (2018)	Group decision analytic hierarchy process; nonsystematic AM literature review fitted into technology-organizational-environment-cost framework	18 upper management level experts, Taiwanese manufacturing industry	Government policy Top management support Organizational readiness Technology infrastructure	Cost (material, machine, labor) Technology (relative advantage) Environment (partners)
Hasan et al. (2019)	Delphi study; factors for mass adoption of AM in conventional manufacturing processes according to participants	Eight participants from the USA and UK, both from academia and industry	Process automation Market demand Public acceptance Manufacturing speed	AM-adapted technical support and services Cost of products, production and post processing Machine tolerances, process stability, part-to-part variability Availability of quality assurance protocols Availability of materials, material property data and print parameters Increasing acceptance by large companies
Marak et al. (2019)	Survey, statistical analysis, DOI theory	92 Indian firms	Compatibility Observability	Relative advantage Trialability Ease of use
Niaki et al. (2019a, b)	BWM analysis, factors collected in qualitative survey	88 companies across 22 countries (survey), 12 AM experts (BWM)	Environmental and social benefits Customer expectation Technology adaptability Business and market expectation	AM enabling creativity and innovation Design complexity and customization Low-volume production Quick and economic prototyping Cost and time savings