Table 5 Relative factor weights for the...

Table 5

Relative factor weights for the selection of metal AM

Factor/ category description	Global weights per expert									Average local weights	Average global weights	Rank
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Average local weights	Average global weights	Rank
Innovator characteristics (demand-side)	0.107	0.333	0.213	0.249	0.092	0.079	0.193	0.209	0.155		0.181
Customer level of education	0.017	0.083	0.032	0.098	0.047	0.004	0.064	0.075	0.007	0.249	0.047	6
Customer resources	0.025	0.041	0.049	0.042	0.011	0.007	0.026	0.019	0.077	0.189	0.033	12
Market demand	0.044	0.141	0.085	0.070	0.019	0.035	0.074	0.083	0.024	0.344	0.064	1
Customer installed base (previous, current, potential)	0.008	0.055	0.032	0.014	0.009	0.011	0.019	0.024	0.031	0.123	0.023	21
Intended frequency of use	0.013	0.013	0.015	0.025	0.005	0.022	0.010	0.008	0.016	0.095	0.014	28
Innovation characteristics (innovation itself)	0.085	0.139	0.213	0.249	0.215	0.368	0.310	0.353	0.155		0.232
Relative technological performance	0.004	0.057	0.018	0.094	0.079	0.120	0.109	0.077	0.014	0.092	0.064	2
Compatibility	0.019	0.011	0.065	0.012	0.034	0.048	0.063	0.077	0.024	0.153	0.039	10
Flexibility	0.010	0.026	0.065	0.023	0.025	0.015	0.063	0.125	0.024	0.153	0.042	9
Perceived risk	0.008	0.004	0.011	0.023	0.020	0.039	0.021	0.031	0.004	0.026	0.018	24
Relative price, cost, effort	0.032	0.016	0.036	0.058	0.050	0.097	0.042	0.031	0.036	0.230	0.044	7
Complementary goods and services	0.013	0.025	0.018	0.039	0.007	0.048	0.013	0.012	0.053	0.346	0.025	17
Innovator characteristics (supply-side)	0.142	0.028	0.213	0.249	0.154	0.119	0.129	0.139	0.103		0.142
Financial strength	0.031	0.003	0.065	0.047	0.036	0.011	0.015	0.033	0.016	0.187	0.029	15
Brand reputation and credibility	0.007	0.002	0.036	0.047	0.006	0.019	0.021	0.022	0.024	0.137	0.020	23
Operational supremacy	0.013	0.001	0.015	0.012	0.018	0.028	0.015	0.008	0.040	0.129	0.017	26
Learning orientation	0.021	0.013	0.036	0.082	0.015	0.004	0.006	0.033	0.004	0.174	0.024	19
Efficiency of production process	0.016	0.002	0.024	0.031	0.054	0.014	0.021	0.033	0.010	0.155	0.023	20
Enabling infrastructure/technology/production method	0.054	0.029	0.024	0.018	0.022	0.051	0.055	0.011	0.013	0.217	0.031	13
Innovation support strategy	0.351	0.083	0.121	0.035	0.336	0.095	0.077	0.105	0.155		0.151
Pricing strategy, price structure	0.075	0.006	0.016	0.004	0.059	0.003	0.016	0.003	0.040	0.138	0.025	18
Appropriability strategy (IPR)	0.030	0.002	0.024	0.006	0.040	0.008	0.008	0.010	0.004	0.102	0.015	27
Timing of entry	0.038	0.009	0.024	0.006	0.123	0.010	0.006	0.014	0.025	0.159	0.028	16
Marketing communications	0.025	0.029	0.040	0.010	0.011	0.007	0.026	0.021	0.025	0.203	0.021	22
Distribution strategy	0.011	0.007	0.004	0.001	0.023	0.012	0.011	0.008	0.025	0.085	0.011	30
Commitment (supply-side innovator)	0.050	0.050	0.020	0.031	0.028	0.061	0.036	0.113	0.056	0.141	0.049	5
Network formation and coordination strategy	0.121	0.018	0.008	0.004	0.054	0.038	0.003	0.014	0.012	0.173	0.030	14
Other stakeholders	0.071	0.139	0.081	0.073	0.058	0.068	0.034	0.041	0.155		0.080
Big fish	0.012	0.073	0.026	0.019	0.033	0.033	0.016	0.004	0.084	0.385	0.033	11
Regulator	0.030	0.030	0.026	0.019	0.008	0.008	0.006	0.015	0.007	0.231	0.017	25
Standardization organizations	0.018	0.018	0.015	0.019	0.007	0.010	0.006	0.007	0.026	0.180	0.014	29
Judiciary	0.009	0.011	0.010	0.011	0.006	0.014	0.002	0.004	0.017	0.116	0.009	31
Insurance company	0.003	0.006	0.004	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.011	0.020	0.088	0.007	35
Environmental-level factors	0.030	0.069	0.037	0.048	0.030	0.032	0.064	0.084	0.022		0.046
Bandwagon effect	0.006	0.014	0.003	0.005	0.003	0.007	0.004	0.002	0.013	0.208	0.006	36
Market uncertainty	0.004	0.005	0.005	0.014	0.003	0.004	0.008	0.006	0.001	0.121	0.006	38
Switching cost	0.011	0.009	0.013	0.005	0.002	0.011	0.008	0.004	0.002	0.178	0.007	33
Availability of rules and standards	0.003	0.002	0.005	0.014	0.001	0.003	0.021	0.009	0.003	0.137	0.007	34
Job opportunities	0.001	0.007	0.001	0.002	0.010	0.001	0.002	0.012	0.002	0.097	0.004	39
Sufficient education and skills development	0.003	0.007	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.002	0.012	0.028	0.002	0.132	0.007	32
Dissemination of AM in society	0.002	0.006	0.005	0.003	0.007	0.005	0.004	0.019	0.003	0.127	0.006	37
Business model	0.213	0.208	0.121	0.097	0.115	0.238	0.193	0.070	0.256		0.168
Imitability, scalability, integrability	0.120	0.034	0.020	0.016	0.019	0.024	0.123	0.006	0.209	0.319	0.064	3
Failure to identify actors/stakeholders	0.027	0.161	0.035	0.052	0.034	0.163	0.050	0.008	0.023	0.353	0.061	4
Failure to consider influential factors	0.067	0.013	0.066	0.028	0.062	0.052	0.019	0.056	0.023	0.329	0.043	8

Factor/ category description	Global weights per expert									Average local weights	Average global weights	Rank
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Average local weights	Average global weights	Rank
Innovator characteristics (demand-side)	0.107	0.333	0.213	0.249	0.092	0.079	0.193	0.209	0.155		0.181
Customer level of education	0.017	0.083	0.032	0.098	0.047	0.004	0.064	0.075	0.007	0.249	0.047	6
Customer resources	0.025	0.041	0.049	0.042	0.011	0.007	0.026	0.019	0.077	0.189	0.033	12
Market demand	0.044	0.141	0.085	0.070	0.019	0.035	0.074	0.083	0.024	0.344	0.064	1
Customer installed base (previous, current, potential)	0.008	0.055	0.032	0.014	0.009	0.011	0.019	0.024	0.031	0.123	0.023	21
Intended frequency of use	0.013	0.013	0.015	0.025	0.005	0.022	0.010	0.008	0.016	0.095	0.014	28
Innovation characteristics (innovation itself)	0.085	0.139	0.213	0.249	0.215	0.368	0.310	0.353	0.155		0.232
Relative technological performance	0.004	0.057	0.018	0.094	0.079	0.120	0.109	0.077	0.014	0.092	0.064	2
Compatibility	0.019	0.011	0.065	0.012	0.034	0.048	0.063	0.077	0.024	0.153	0.039	10
Flexibility	0.010	0.026	0.065	0.023	0.025	0.015	0.063	0.125	0.024	0.153	0.042	9
Perceived risk	0.008	0.004	0.011	0.023	0.020	0.039	0.021	0.031	0.004	0.026	0.018	24
Relative price, cost, effort	0.032	0.016	0.036	0.058	0.050	0.097	0.042	0.031	0.036	0.230	0.044	7
Complementary goods and services	0.013	0.025	0.018	0.039	0.007	0.048	0.013	0.012	0.053	0.346	0.025	17
Innovator characteristics (supply-side)	0.142	0.028	0.213	0.249	0.154	0.119	0.129	0.139	0.103		0.142
Financial strength	0.031	0.003	0.065	0.047	0.036	0.011	0.015	0.033	0.016	0.187	0.029	15
Brand reputation and credibility	0.007	0.002	0.036	0.047	0.006	0.019	0.021	0.022	0.024	0.137	0.020	23
Operational supremacy	0.013	0.001	0.015	0.012	0.018	0.028	0.015	0.008	0.040	0.129	0.017	26
Learning orientation	0.021	0.013	0.036	0.082	0.015	0.004	0.006	0.033	0.004	0.174	0.024	19
Efficiency of production process	0.016	0.002	0.024	0.031	0.054	0.014	0.021	0.033	0.010	0.155	0.023	20
Enabling infrastructure/technology/production method	0.054	0.029	0.024	0.018	0.022	0.051	0.055	0.011	0.013	0.217	0.031	13
Innovation support strategy	0.351	0.083	0.121	0.035	0.336	0.095	0.077	0.105	0.155		0.151
Pricing strategy, price structure	0.075	0.006	0.016	0.004	0.059	0.003	0.016	0.003	0.040	0.138	0.025	18
Appropriability strategy (IPR)	0.030	0.002	0.024	0.006	0.040	0.008	0.008	0.010	0.004	0.102	0.015	27
Timing of entry	0.038	0.009	0.024	0.006	0.123	0.010	0.006	0.014	0.025	0.159	0.028	16
Marketing communications	0.025	0.029	0.040	0.010	0.011	0.007	0.026	0.021	0.025	0.203	0.021	22
Distribution strategy	0.011	0.007	0.004	0.001	0.023	0.012	0.011	0.008	0.025	0.085	0.011	30
Commitment (supply-side innovator)	0.050	0.050	0.020	0.031	0.028	0.061	0.036	0.113	0.056	0.141	0.049	5
Network formation and coordination strategy	0.121	0.018	0.008	0.004	0.054	0.038	0.003	0.014	0.012	0.173	0.030	14
Other stakeholders	0.071	0.139	0.081	0.073	0.058	0.068	0.034	0.041	0.155		0.080
Big fish	0.012	0.073	0.026	0.019	0.033	0.033	0.016	0.004	0.084	0.385	0.033	11
Regulator	0.030	0.030	0.026	0.019	0.008	0.008	0.006	0.015	0.007	0.231	0.017	25
Standardization organizations	0.018	0.018	0.015	0.019	0.007	0.010	0.006	0.007	0.026	0.180	0.014	29
Judiciary	0.009	0.011	0.010	0.011	0.006	0.014	0.002	0.004	0.017	0.116	0.009	31
Insurance company	0.003	0.006	0.004	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.011	0.020	0.088	0.007	35
Environmental-level factors	0.030	0.069	0.037	0.048	0.030	0.032	0.064	0.084	0.022		0.046
Bandwagon effect	0.006	0.014	0.003	0.005	0.003	0.007	0.004	0.002	0.013	0.208	0.006	36
Market uncertainty	0.004	0.005	0.005	0.014	0.003	0.004	0.008	0.006	0.001	0.121	0.006	38
Switching cost	0.011	0.009	0.013	0.005	0.002	0.011	0.008	0.004	0.002	0.178	0.007	33
Availability of rules and standards	0.003	0.002	0.005	0.014	0.001	0.003	0.021	0.009	0.003	0.137	0.007	34
Job opportunities	0.001	0.007	0.001	0.002	0.010	0.001	0.002	0.012	0.002	0.097	0.004	39
Sufficient education and skills development	0.003	0.007	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.002	0.012	0.028	0.002	0.132	0.007	32
Dissemination of AM in society	0.002	0.006	0.005	0.003	0.007	0.005	0.004	0.019	0.003	0.127	0.006	37
Business model	0.213	0.208	0.121	0.097	0.115	0.238	0.193	0.070	0.256		0.168
Imitability, scalability, integrability	0.120	0.034	0.020	0.016	0.019	0.024	0.123	0.006	0.209	0.319	0.064	3
Failure to identify actors/stakeholders	0.027	0.161	0.035	0.052	0.034	0.163	0.050	0.008	0.023	0.353	0.061	4
Failure to consider influential factors	0.067	0.013	0.066	0.028	0.062	0.052	0.019	0.056	0.023	0.329	0.043	8

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