Research results
| Cluster A | Cluster B | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industry 4.0 technologies and maturity level | |||||||||||||
| Industrial internet of things | Industrial analytics | Advanced human–machine interface | Cloud manufacturing | Additive manufacturing | Advanced automation | Industrial internet of things | Industrial analytics | Advanced human–machine interface | Cloud manufacturing | Additive manufacturing | Advanced automation | ||
| Monitoring | 1; 17; 8; 5; 12 | 1; 17; 8; 5; 12 | 8; 5 | 5 | 12 | – | Monitoring | 18;7 | 18;7 | 18 | 7 | – | – |
| Control | 13; 14; 4 | 13; 14; 4 | 14; 4 | 4 | – | 14 | Control | 3; 16; 10; 19 | 3; 10; 6 | 10; 19 | 6 | – | 10 |
| Optimization | 15 | 15 | – | – | – | – | Optimization | 11;16 | 11;16 | – | – | 11 | 11; 16 |
| Autonomy | – | – | – | – | – | – | Autonomy | 9 | – | 9 | – | – | 9 |
| Targeted areas of Industry 4.0 investments | |||||||||||||
| Processing | Assembly | Logistics | Product development | Processing | Assembly | Logistics | Product development | ||||||
| 1; 5; 8; 12; 13; 14; 15 | 4; 5; 8; 14; 15; 16 | 1 | 4; 12 | 3; 6; 7; 9; 10; 11; 16; 18; 19 | 3; 11; 18 | – | – | ||||||
| Purpose and expected performance improvement of Industry 4.0 investments | |||||||||||||
| Efficiency | Productivity | Time | Service | Quality | Flexibility | Efficiency | Productivity | Time | Service | Quality | Flexibility | ||
| Increasing production capacity | – | – | – | – | – | – | Increasing production capacity | 16 | 9; 16 | – | – | 9 | – |
| Outdated machinery substitution | 17 | – | – | 5 | – | 17 | Outdated machinery substitution | 16; 19 | 7; 16 | – | 19 | 19 | – |
| Governmental incentives | – | – | – | – | – | – | Governmental incentives | 11; 6; 19 | 9; 10; 6 | – | 19 | 9; 10; 19 | – |
| Improving waste detection | 13; 14; 17; 15; 8 | 14 | 13; 12; 4 | 8; 5 | 1; 13; 14; 17; 8; 5; 12; 4 | 17; 8; 12; 4 | Improving waste detection | 11 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Enhancing data availability | 13; 15; 8 | – | 13; 4 | 8;5 | 1; 13; 8; 5; 4 | 8; 4 | Enhancing data availability | 18; 3; 16; 6; 19 | 3; 7; 16; 19; 6 | – | 19 | 18; 3; 10; 19 | – |
| Magnitude of Industry 4.0 Investments | |||||||||||||
| Localized interventions | Extensive interventions | Localized interventions | Extensive interventions | ||||||||||
| Long pay-back time | – | – | Long pay-back time | – | 9;16; 19 | ||||||||
| Medium pay-back time | 17; 5 | – | Medium pay-back time | 7;19 | 3; 6 | ||||||||
| Short pay-back time | 1; 13; 14; 15 | 4 | Short pay-back time | – | – | ||||||||
| Not available | 8; 12 | – | Not available | 18 | 11 | ||||||||
| Cluster A | Cluster B | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial internet of things | Industrial analytics | Advanced human–machine interface | Cloud manufacturing | Additive manufacturing | Advanced automation | Industrial internet of things | Industrial analytics | Advanced human–machine interface | Cloud manufacturing | Additive manufacturing | Advanced automation | ||
| Monitoring | 1; 17; 8; 5; 12 | 1; 17; 8; 5; 12 | 8; 5 | 5 | 12 | – | Monitoring | 18;7 | 18;7 | 18 | 7 | – | – |
| Control | 13; 14; 4 | 13; 14; 4 | 14; 4 | 4 | – | 14 | Control | 3; 16; 10; 19 | 3; 10; 6 | 10; 19 | 6 | – | 10 |
| Optimization | 15 | 15 | – | – | – | – | Optimization | 11;16 | 11;16 | – | – | 11 | 11; 16 |
| Autonomy | – | – | – | – | – | – | Autonomy | 9 | – | 9 | – | – | 9 |
| Processing | Assembly | Logistics | Product development | Processing | Assembly | Logistics | Product development | ||||||
| 1; 5; 8; 12; 13; 14; 15 | 4; 5; 8; 14; 15; 16 | 1 | 4; 12 | 3; 6; 7; 9; 10; 11; 16; 18; 19 | 3; 11; 18 | – | – | ||||||
| Efficiency | Productivity | Time | Service | Quality | Flexibility | Efficiency | Productivity | Time | Service | Quality | Flexibility | ||
| Increasing production capacity | – | – | – | – | – | – | Increasing production capacity | 16 | 9; 16 | – | – | 9 | – |
| Outdated machinery substitution | 17 | – | – | 5 | – | 17 | Outdated machinery substitution | 16; 19 | 7; 16 | – | 19 | 19 | – |
| Governmental incentives | – | – | – | – | – | – | Governmental incentives | 11; 6; 19 | 9; 10; 6 | – | 19 | 9; 10; 19 | – |
| Improving waste detection | 13; 14; 17; 15; 8 | 14 | 13; 12; 4 | 8; 5 | 1; 13; 14; 17; 8; 5; 12; 4 | 17; 8; 12; 4 | Improving waste detection | 11 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Enhancing data availability | 13; 15; 8 | – | 13; 4 | 8;5 | 1; 13; 8; 5; 4 | 8; 4 | Enhancing data availability | 18; 3; 16; 6; 19 | 3; 7; 16; 19; 6 | – | 19 | 18; 3; 10; 19 | – |
| Localized interventions | Extensive interventions | Localized interventions | Extensive interventions | ||||||||||
| Long pay-back time | – | – | Long pay-back time | – | 9;16; 19 | ||||||||
| Medium pay-back time | 17; 5 | – | Medium pay-back time | 7;19 | 3; 6 | ||||||||
| Short pay-back time | 1; 13; 14; 15 | 4 | Short pay-back time | – | – | ||||||||
| Not available | 8; 12 | – | Not available | 18 | 11 | ||||||||
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