| 3D1 | Building consensus with customers and partners on the usage and protection of product- and service-related data | Schroeder and Kotlarsky (2015), Sjödin et al. (2021) |
| 3D2 | Integrating digital technologies and sensors into products to acquire the data necessary for service operations | Alghisi and Saccani (2015), Lenka et al. (2017), Lightfoot et al. (2011), Naik et al. (2017), Fischer et al. (2010) |
| 3D3 | Using the collected data on products and services to efficiently and effectively carry out service operations | Adrodegari and Saccani (2017), Barquet et al. (2013), Belvedere et al. (2013), Gebauer et al. (2013), Kowalkowski et al. (2013), Lenka et al. (2017), Lightfoot et al. (2011), Schroeder and Kotlarsky (2015), Huikkola and Kohtamaki (2017), Sjödin et al. (2021), Kanninen et al. (2017) |
| 3D4 | Using the collected data on products and services to improve product design | Baines and Lightfoot (2014), Parida et al. (2014), Hallstedt et al. (2020) |
| 3D5 | Using the collected data on products and services to construct long-term relationships with clients | Baines et al. (2009), Gebauer et al. (2005) |
| 3D6 | Using the collected data on products and services to search for new opportunities for the service business | Alghisi and Saccani (2015), Lenka et al. (2017), Ulaga and Reinartz (2011), Naik et al. (2017), Schroeder and Kotlarsky (2015), Sjödin et al. (2021), Hasselblatt et al. (2018), Chen et al. (2020) |