Table 1

WAAM production capabilities

WAAM production capabilitiesItems*
Relative advantage (RA)Cost reduction
Improved material usage
Ability to build lightweight products
Freedom of design
Ability to optimise products for function and integrate more functionality into an object
Supply-side benefits (SSB)Reduction and simplification of manufacturing steps
Elimination of pre-assembly activities
Facilitated separation between product design and manufacturing tasks
Reduced need for transportation services
Reduction of the supplier base
Demand-side benefits (DSB)Production closer to the customer
Faster reaction to changing customer needs
Customised production
Higher customer service level

Note(s): *Measurement items retrieved from Oettmeier and Hofmann (2017) 

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