↑ – WAAM production capability promotes the increase the GSCM performance sub-criteriaN/A – not applicable
– WAAM production capability promotes the decrease the GSCM performance sub-criteria
Economic/financialOperationalLogisticsMarketing
WAAM capabilityGSCM performance sub-criteria
CostQualityEfficiencyGreen manufacturingGreen/Eco designGreen logisticsReverse logisticsGreen purchasingCustomer satisfactionCooperation/Collaboration with customers
Cost reduction          
Improved material usage          
Freedom of design          
Ability to build lightweight products          
Ability to optimise products for its function and integrate more functionality into an object          
Reduction and simplification of manufacturing steps          
Elimination of pre-assembly activities          
Reduced need for transportation services          
Facilitated separation between product design and manufacturing tasks          
Production closer to the customer          
Customised production          
Faster reaction to changing customer needs          
Higher customer service level          
GSCM perf. Sub-criteriaExamples of measuresGSCM perf. Sub-criteriaExamples of measures
CostCosts (procurement; transportation cost; manufacturing cost; cost of raw materialsGreen logisticsAverage load on laden trip (weight/volume); on time delivery; mode of transport; just in time for logistics
QualityCustomer rejection rate; continuous improvement system; scrap rate; rework rateReverse logisticsRemanufacturing of materials; design for reverse logistics; reusing and recycling of materials
EfficiencyOperation expense, capacity utilisation; energy efficiency; overhead expenseGreen purchasingSupplier support; providing design specifications for green purchasing
Green ManufacturingRedefine operation/production processes; use of recyclable/recycled materials; structure for easy disassembly; reduction in operations steps; structure for easy assemblyCustomer satisfactionService response rate; customer returns; number of customers retained
Green/Eco DesignReused and recycled materials in new designs; longer service/product life; design for remanufacturing; cooperation with customers/suppliers for eco-designCooperation/Colla-boration with CustomersSharing common goals with customers; cooperation with customers to decrease environmental impact of operations

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options