Table A2

The following are the questions of the European manufacturing survey (EMS) and the description of the internal lean tools used for the study

Which of the following organisational concepts are currently used in your factory?(No = “0”; yes = “1”; non sense = “-”)
Model DimensionsQuestions in the Survey
PULLProduction controlling following the Pull principle (e.g. KANBAN, Internal zero-buffer principle) - Kanban
FLOWMeasures to improve internal logistics (e.g. Value Stream Mapping/Design, changed spatial arrangements of production steps) - VSM
Customer- or product-oriented lines/cells in the factory (instead of task-/operation-structured shop floors) - Specific lines
Display boards in production to illustrate work processes and work status (e.g. Visual Management) – Visual Control
SETUPFixed process flows to reduce setup time or optimise change-over time (e.g. SMED, QCO) - SMED
Method of 5S (“work place appearance and cleanliness”) – 5S
TPMMethods of assuring quality in production (e.g. CIP, TQM, preventive maintenance) - TPM
Standardised and detailed work instructions (e.g. standard operation procedures SOP, MOST) – Standardised work
SPCMethods of operation management for mathematical analyses of production (i.e. Six Sigma) – Six Sigma
EMPINVMethods of continuous improvement of production processes (quality circle, PDCA, Deming circle/cycle, etc.) – Continuous improvement
Integration of tasks (planning, operating or controlling functions with the machine operator) – Task Integration
Extent of used potential for each organisational concept (internalisation)(Low = “1”; Medium =  “2”; High = “3”)
Business performance indicators
What percentage of orders are delivered on time? (Please reply according to confirmed delivery date)% value
What percentage of products or semi-finished products have to be scrapped or reworked because of quality issues?% value
Return on sales (ROS)(Negative; 0–2%; 2–5%; 5–10%; >10%)

Source(s): Authors work

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal