Table 1 Summary of the dimensions of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Summary of the dimensions of subjective liminality

Dimension	Explanation	Theoretical rationale	Exemplary references
Anxiety	Anxiety associated with losing a hitherto valued part of oneself while simultaneously desiring something new	Identity reconstruction during a liminal phase involves a disruption of certain elements of the old identity and the transition involves cognitive and emotional processing about loss and restoration	Byrnes and Taylor (2015), Hennekam and Bennett's (2016), Cunningham et al. (2023)
Ambiguity	A sense of not knowing where one stands at the moment in their career journey	People experience feelings of uncertainty, confusion, and disorientation while undergoing a major change process	Beech (2011), Conroy and O'Leary-Kelly (2014), Millward (2006) Bamber et al. (2017), Bettencourt and Brown (2003)
Reduced group identification	Not feeling comfortable identifying oneself with any specific social group, such as an organization or a professional community	During change, the individual may feel less committed to any one particular work group, or sharing their commitment among one of more groups	Crafter and Maunder (2012), Borg and Söderlund (2015), George and Chattopadhyay (2005), Lee et al. (2022)

Dimension	Explanation	Theoretical rationale	Exemplary references
Anxiety	Anxiety associated with losing a hitherto valued part of oneself while simultaneously desiring something new	Identity reconstruction during a liminal phase involves a disruption of certain elements of the old identity and the transition involves cognitive and emotional processing about loss and restoration	Byrnes and Taylor (2015), Hennekam and Bennett's (2016), Cunningham et al. (2023)
Ambiguity	A sense of not knowing where one stands at the moment in their career journey	People experience feelings of uncertainty, confusion, and disorientation while undergoing a major change process	Beech (2011), Conroy and O'Leary-Kelly (2014), Millward (2006)Bamber et al. (2017), Bettencourt and Brown (2003)
Reduced group identification	Not feeling comfortable identifying oneself with any specific social group, such as an organization or a professional community	During change, the individual may feel less committed to any one particular work group, or sharing their commitment among one of more groups	Crafter and Maunder (2012), Borg and Söderlund (2015), George and Chattopadhyay (2005), Lee et al. (2022)

Source(s): Authors’ work