Table V

Co-creation of services terminology and associated themes

Themes within the conceptualization
TermConceptualization of the termPublicationCustomer–provider emphasisMulti-actor emphasisEmphasis on resource integrationEmphasis on joint creationEmphasis on customer creationEntire service processaPhases of the service process
Co-creationMutually created valueGrönroos and Helle (2010) X  X   
 Co-creationGebauer et al. (2010) X  X   
 CocreationHoyer et al. (2010) X  X  X
 Co-creation for othersWitell et al. (2011) X  X  X
 Co-creation for useWitell et al. (2011)     X  
 Co-creation for othersElg et al. (2012) X  X  X
 Customer co-creationGustafsson et al. (2012) X  X  X
 Passive co-creationGustafsson et al. (2012) X   X  
 Joint perspective of co-creationRusso-Spena and Mele (2012)   XX   
 Value co-creationAlves (2013) X  X   
 Co-creation for othersEdvardsson et al. (2013) X  X  X
 Joint value creationMoeller et al. (2013) X  X   
 Co-creation in actor value networkPinho et al. (2014)  XX    
 CocreationXia and Suri (2014) X  X  X
 Co-recoveryXu et al. (2014) X  X  X
 Co-creation for othersMelton and Hartline (2015) X  X  X
 Co-creationMulder et al. (2015) X  X   
 Co-creationOsei-Frimpong et al. (2015) X  X   
 Co-creationQuero and Ventura (2015)  X   X 
 Customer value cocreationSweeney et al. (2015)   XX   
 Co-creationVerleye (2015) X  X  X
 Co-creationÅkesson et al. (2016)  XXX   
 Co-creationTari Kasnakoglu (2016) X  X   
Prerequisites for the co-creation of services
InvolvementCustomer involvementTerziovski and Dean (1998) X    X 
 User involvementMagnusson et al. (2003) X  X  X
 Customer involvementGraf (2007)     X  
 Customer involvementCarbonell et al. (2012) X  X X 
 Customer involvementCheng et al. (2012) X  X  X
 Customer involvementChen et al. (2016) X  X  X
EngagementCustomer engagementGebauer et al. (2010) X  X   
 Fan-page engagementJahn and Kunz (2012)  X X   
 Customer engagement behaviorsJaakkola and Alexander (2014) XX XX  
 Customer engagementJaakkola and Alexander (2014) XX XX  
 Customer engagementHarwood and Garry (2015) X  X   
 EngagementO’Brien et al. (2015) X  XX  
 Customer engagementSo et al. (2016) X  X   
ParticipationCustomer participationYen et al. (2004)     X X
 Customer participationHsieh et al. (2004)    X  X
 Customer participationYoon et al. (2004) X     X
 Customer participationHsieh and Yen (2005)    X  X
 Customer participationChien and Chen (2010) X  X X 
 User participationHwang and Kim (2011) X  X X 
 Consumer participationDabholkar and Sheng (2012)     X X
 Patient participationChang et al. (2013) X      
 Customer participationEisingerich et al. (2014) X     X
 Consumer participationSheng and Zolfagharian (2014)     X X
 Customer participationBone et al. (2015) X   X  
 Customer participationDong (2015) X  XX X
 Customer participationDong and Sivakumar (2015) X  XX X
 Customer participationDong et al. (2015) X  XX X
 Customer participationEngström and Elg (2015) X  X  X
Specific forms of the co-creation of services
Co-designCo-designGebauer et al. (2010) X  X X 
 Co-designRusso-Spena and Mele (2012)  X X  X
 Co-designQuero and Ventura (2015)  X X  X
Co-productionCo-productionChien and Chen (2010) X  X  X
 Co-productionGebauer et al. (2010)     X X
 Co-productionChien and Chao (2011) X     X
 Co-productionGuo et al. (2013) X  X  X
 Co-productionChen et al. (2015) X     X
 Co-productionMende and van Doorn (2015) X  X X 
Co-consumption/Pro-sumptionPro-sumptionGebauer et al. (2010)     X X
 ProsumptionWitell et al. (2011)    XX X
 Co-consumption/pro-sumptionQuero and Ventura (2015)    X  X
Total count  44844616733

Notes: aThe entire service process incorporates the five co-phases of Russo-Spena and Mele (2012): co-ideation, co-valuation, co-design, co-test and co-launch, and the co-production and co-consumption phases suggested by Chen et al. (2015) and Quero and Ventura (2015) 

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