Table 2

Study's trustworthiness

CriteriaThe method used to address the criteriaReferences
Preunderstanding of the subject (familiarity of the researchers with the studied phenomenon)The authors have 10+ years of servitization research experienceStorbacka (2011) 
The authors have collaborated with the firm for over ten years and are involved in different business-related research projects
The authors have conducted multiple executive and manager interviews within this company
The authors have one published article on the subject
Credibility (how well the results appear to represent the data)The authors have >1 year of continuous interaction with the firm's representatives involving member checksHuberman and Miles (1994), Lincoln and Guba (1985) 
The case firm provided the framework used for research purposes
The case firm provided access to senior manager interviews
The case firm provided additional documents (e.g. the innovation playbook) for research purposes
The first round of interviews was conducted between 2016 and 2018
The second round of interviews was conducted in 2019–2020
The Gioia method was used to represent the data structure
Transferability (how well the results can be applied)Use of purposeful sampling (results can be potentially applied to similar contexts)Eisenhardt and Graebner (2007) 
Dependability (how consistent the explanations are)Twenty-five managers were interviewed altogetherEisenhardt (1989), Huberman and Miles (1994) 
The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim afterward
Objectivity (how the results from the respondents were interpreted and how researchers' biases were avoided)The interpretations were confirmed with the case firm's representativesPratt (2009) 
Multiple researchers were involved in reducing researcher bias
Integrity (how the respondents may give misinformation regarding the phenomenon)The interviews were professional, friendly, and anonymousRaja et al. (2020), Storbacka (2011) 
Several managers from the company were interviewed to avoid single-respondent bias (enabled data triangulation)
Each manager was interviewed separately (no group interviews) to avoid potential problems caused by the group interviews
Understanding (how the results represent real-world circumstances)The preliminary findings were presented to the managersStrauss and Corbin (1998) 
The preliminary findings were presented at an academic conference (SSC2020)

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