Frequencies of constructs and sub-constructs of students' responses (n = 32) to [overall] “how did you interact with your group during the STEM challenge?”
| 21st-century skills constructs Definitions of a priori sub-constructs | Coded and sub-coded utterances (N = 65) |
|---|---|
| Collaboration | 23 (35%) |
| Assume shared responsibility | 4 (17%) |
| Ability to work effectively and respectfully in a team | 10 (43%) |
| Flexibility and willingness to compromise for a common goal | 5 (22%) |
| aDifficulty in collaboration | 4 (17%) |
| Communication | 10 (15%) |
| Articulation of thoughts and ideas in various contexts | 3 (30%) |
| Effective listening | 1 (10%) |
| Communication in diverse environments | 0 (0%) |
| Use of a range of communication (e.g. to inform, instruct, persuade) | 1 (10%) |
| Use of media and technologies | 0 (0%) |
| aDifficulty in communication | 2 (20%) |
| bBuilding or reaching consensus | 3 (30%) |
| Critical thinking | 10 (15%) |
| Solve different kinds of problems in conventional and innovative ways | 2 (20%) |
| Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view and lead to better solutions | 1 (10%) |
| Use various types of reasoning appropriate to the situation | 0 (0%) |
| Use systems thinking (analysis of parts to a whole) | 0 (0%) |
| Effectively analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims and beliefs | 0 (0%) |
| Analyze and evaluate major alternative points of view | 3 (30%) |
| Synthesize and make connections between information and arguments | 0 (0%) |
| Interpret information and draw conclusions based on the best analysis | 2 (20%) |
| Reflect critically on learning experiences and processes | 1 (10%) |
| aDifficulty in critical thinking | 0 (0%) |
| bCritical thinking specific to STEM | 1 (10%) |
| Creativity | 22 (34%) |
| Brainstorming and ideation | 1 (5%) |
| New and worthwhile ideas | 1 (5%) |
| Elaborate refine and evaluate ideas | 2 (9%) |
| Being open, responsive, incorporate group input, feedback into work | 6 (27%) |
| Develop, implement, and communicate new ideas to others | 8 (36%) |
| Demonstrating originality, inventiveness to real world limits | 0 (0%) |
| Viewing failure as opportunity to learn | 3 (14%) |
| Acting on creative ideas to create a novel of useful innovation | 1 (5%) |
| aDifficulty in creativity | 0 (0%) |
| 21st-century skills constructs Definitions of | Coded and sub-coded utterances ( |
|---|---|
| Collaboration | |
| Assume shared responsibility | 4 (17%) |
| Ability to work effectively and respectfully in a team | 10 (43%) |
| Flexibility and willingness to compromise for a common goal | 5 (22%) |
| aDifficulty in collaboration | |
| Communication | 10 (15%) |
| Articulation of thoughts and ideas in various contexts | 3 (30%) |
| Effective listening | 1 (10%) |
| Communication in diverse environments | 0 (0%) |
| Use of a range of communication (e.g. to inform, instruct, persuade) | 1 (10%) |
| Use of media and technologies | 0 (0%) |
| aDifficulty in communication | 2 (20%) |
| bBuilding or reaching consensus | 3 (30%) |
| Critical thinking | |
| Solve different kinds of problems in conventional and innovative ways | 2 (20%) |
| Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view and lead to better solutions | 1 (10%) |
| Use various types of reasoning appropriate to the situation | 0 (0%) |
| Use systems thinking (analysis of parts to a whole) | 0 (0%) |
| Effectively analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims and beliefs | 0 (0%) |
| Analyze and evaluate major alternative points of view | 3 (30%) |
| Synthesize and make connections between information and arguments | 0 (0%) |
| Interpret information and draw conclusions based on the best analysis | 2 (20%) |
| Reflect critically on learning experiences and processes | 1 (10%) |
| aDifficulty in critical thinking | 0 (0%) |
| bCritical thinking specific to STEM | 1 (10%) |
| Creativity | |
| Brainstorming and ideation | 1 (5%) |
| New and worthwhile ideas | 1 (5%) |
| Elaborate refine and evaluate ideas | 2 (9%) |
| Being open, responsive, incorporate group input, feedback into work | 6 (27%) |
| Develop, implement, and communicate new ideas to others | 8 (36%) |
| Demonstrating originality, inventiveness to real world limits | 0 (0%) |
| Viewing failure as opportunity to learn | 3 (14%) |
| Acting on creative ideas to create a novel of useful innovation | 1 (5%) |
| aDifficulty in creativity | 0 (0%) |
Note(s): There was no response from one participant (N = 32).
*Sub-construct percentages reflect the percent total of the construct, not all constructs
aTo reflect issues reported in the 4Cs, negative codes were established, coded and counted
bSub-constructs are emergent, not reflective of the NEA's framework (2012) of the 4Cs