Frequency counts of constructs and sub-constructs among students' responses (N = 39) to how participants interacted with their group in each EDP step during STEM challenge
| 21st-century skills constructs Definitions of a priori sub-constructs | Coded utterances (N = 694) |
|---|---|
| Collaboration | 157 (22%) |
| Assume shared responsibility | 51 (32%) |
| Ability to work effectively and respectfully in a team | 68 (43%) |
| Flexibility and willingness to compromise for a common goal | 38 (24%) |
| aDifficulty in collaboration | 0 (0%) |
| Communication | 115 (17%) |
| Articulation of thoughts and ideas in various contexts | 22 (19%) |
| Effective listening | 10 (9%) |
| Communication in diverse environments | 0 (0%) |
| Use of a range of communication (e.g. to inform, instruct, persuade) | 13 (11%) |
| Use of media and technologies | 5 (4%) |
| aDifficulty in communication | 0 (0%) |
| bBuilding or reaching consensus | 65 (57%) |
| Critical thinking | 215 (31%) |
| Solve different kinds of problems in conventional and innovative ways | 17 (8%) |
| Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view and lead to better solutions | 23 (11%) |
| Use various types of reasoning appropriate to the situation | 22 (10%) |
| Use systems thinking (analysis of parts to a whole) | 26 (12%) |
| Effectively analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims and beliefs | 12 (5%) |
| Analyze and evaluate major alternative points of view | 22 (10%) |
| Synthesize and make connections between information and arguments | 13 (6%) |
| Interpret information and draw conclusions based on the best analysis | 38 (18%) |
| Reflect critically on learning experiences and processes | 14 (6%) |
| aDifficulty in critical thinking | 13 (6%) |
| bCritical thinking specific to STEM | 15 (7%) |
| Creativity | 207 (30%) |
| Brainstorming and ideation | 71 (34%) |
| New and worthwhile ideas | 2 (1%) |
| Elaborate refine and evaluate ideas | 51 (25%) |
| Being open, responsive, incorporate group input, feedback into work | 28 (14%) |
| Develop, implement and communicate new ideas to others | 7 (3%) |
| Demonstrating originality, inventiveness to real world limits | 25 (12%) |
| Viewing failure as an opportunity to learn | 11 (5%) |
| Acting on creative ideas to create a novel of useful innovation | 0 (0%) |
| aDifficulty in creativity | 12 (6%) |
| 21st-century skills constructs Definitions of | Coded utterances ( |
|---|---|
| Collaboration | |
| Assume shared responsibility | 51 (32%) |
| Ability to work effectively and respectfully in a team | 68 (43%) |
| Flexibility and willingness to compromise for a common goal | 38 (24%) |
| aDifficulty in collaboration | 0 (0%) |
| Communication | |
| Articulation of thoughts and ideas in various contexts | 22 (19%) |
| Effective listening | 10 (9%) |
| Communication in diverse environments | 0 (0%) |
| Use of a range of communication (e.g. to inform, instruct, persuade) | 13 (11%) |
| Use of media and technologies | 5 (4%) |
| aDifficulty in communication | 0 (0%) |
| bBuilding or reaching consensus | 65 (57%) |
| Critical thinking | |
| Solve different kinds of problems in conventional and innovative ways | 17 (8%) |
| Identify and ask significant questions that clarify various points of view and lead to better solutions | 23 (11%) |
| Use various types of reasoning appropriate to the situation | 22 (10%) |
| Use systems thinking (analysis of parts to a whole) | 26 (12%) |
| Effectively analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims and beliefs | 12 (5%) |
| Analyze and evaluate major alternative points of view | 22 (10%) |
| Synthesize and make connections between information and arguments | 13 (6%) |
| Interpret information and draw conclusions based on the best analysis | 38 (18%) |
| Reflect critically on learning experiences and processes | 14 (6%) |
| aDifficulty in critical thinking | 13 (6%) |
| bCritical thinking specific to STEM | 15 (7%) |
| Creativity | |
| Brainstorming and ideation | 71 (34%) |
| New and worthwhile ideas | 2 (1%) |
| Elaborate refine and evaluate ideas | 51 (25%) |
| Being open, responsive, incorporate group input, feedback into work | 28 (14%) |
| Develop, implement and communicate new ideas to others | 7 (3%) |
| Demonstrating originality, inventiveness to real world limits | 25 (12%) |
| Viewing failure as an opportunity to learn | 11 (5%) |
| Acting on creative ideas to create a novel of useful innovation | 0 (0%) |
| aDifficulty in creativity | 12 (6%) |
Note(s): *Sub-code percentages reflect the percent total of the construct, not all constructs
aTo reflect issues reported in the 4Cs, negative codes were established, coded and counted
bCodes are emergent, not reflective of the NEA's framework (2012) of the 4Cs