Table 3 The EO dimension based on...

Table 3

The EO dimension based on entrepreneur's and management perspective

Quot. Code	Quotation	Informant	SME	Emerging theme	Measurement scale Reference
Risk taking
Q1	Risk is our daily bread … The whole organization is focused on the future. Strong future orientation implies accepting high levels of risk and also seeking risk	A	1	EM	BL
Q2	There is the entrepreneur who looks to the next 50 years; he risks; on the other hand, any investment must be economically sustainable	B	1	EM	BL
Q3	The possibility of economic return is a “sine qua non” condition because otherwise it is not an investment. However, the first element on which investments are measured is truly attention to well-being	B	1	EM	BL
Q4	The entrepreneur's job is to create a profit and this only comes from taking some risks; however, every risk is also an opportunity	C	2	EM	BL
Q5	An investment is always well analyzed from financial risk and an economic return point of view	C	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q6	Although an investment is always well analyzed from financial risk and economic return, the best investment carried out derives from entrepreneur vision	D	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q7	Risk is one of the foundations of any business […] But it must be managed because we have the responsibility of an entire company	C	4	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q8	Risk means doing something whose features we do not know today, moving the state of art further than is known and running the risk of making mistakes	C	5	EM	BL
Q9	As market pioneer, risky choices are natural elements of our mindset, of innovation and commitment to guarantee company growth	E	5	EM	BL
Innovativeness
Q10	Innovation is the attitude to leave things a little better than we found them	A	1	EM	BL
Q11	Innovation is generated by co-designing the product with the customer	F	1	EM	BL
Q12	Innovation affects all aspects of management: products, plants, packaging, marketing and so on	F	2	EM	BL
Q13	There are those who, after a while, are looking for new ambitions and new challenges, like us	C	2	EM	BL
Q14	Our job is, above all, to ensure that the aquifer remains safe over time and our water is accessible to all people in the world […] we have a responsibility to the local community	C	2	EM	BL
Q15	Keeping up with technological advancement and with continuous investment in cutting-edge machinery is essential	C	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q16	Innovation is not only a question of new products, but also of new processes	G H	3	EM	BL
Q17	Innovability means that our innovation is constantly oriented to paying attention to the environment and the territory	C	4	EM	BL
Q18	Innovation concerns also processes	J	5	EM	BL
Q19	The company has a wide and extensive range of products as every 2–3 years puts on the market new sets of them	E	5	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q20	New products and new processes are aimed also at reducing the impact on the internal and external environments	E	5	EM	BL
Proactiveness
Q21	The firm adopts a wait and see behavior	H	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q22	The firm is a pioneer in terms of products and innovation	G	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q23	The company is a bit of a forerunner of certain innovations compared to its competitors	K	4	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)

Quot. Code	Quotation	Informant	SME	Emerging theme	Measurement scale Reference
Risk taking
Q1	Risk is our daily bread … The whole organization is focused on the future. Strong future orientation implies accepting high levels of risk and also seeking risk	A	1	EM	BL
Q2	There is the entrepreneur who looks to the next 50 years; he risks; on the other hand, any investment must be economically sustainable	B	1	EM	BL
Q3	The possibility of economic return is a “sine qua non” condition because otherwise it is not an investment. However, the first element on which investments are measured is truly attention to well-being	B	1	EM	BL
Q4	The entrepreneur's job is to create a profit and this only comes from taking some risks; however, every risk is also an opportunity	C	2	EM	BL
Q5	An investment is always well analyzed from financial risk and an economic return point of view	C	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q6	Although an investment is always well analyzed from financial risk and economic return, the best investment carried out derives from entrepreneur vision	D	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q7	Risk is one of the foundations of any business […] But it must be managed because we have the responsibility of an entire company	C	4	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q8	Risk means doing something whose features we do not know today, moving the state of art further than is known and running the risk of making mistakes	C	5	EM	BL
Q9	As market pioneer, risky choices are natural elements of our mindset, of innovation and commitment to guarantee company growth	E	5	EM	BL
Innovativeness
Q10	Innovation is the attitude to leave things a little better than we found them	A	1	EM	BL
Q11	Innovation is generated by co-designing the product with the customer	F	1	EM	BL
Q12	Innovation affects all aspects of management: products, plants, packaging, marketing and so on	F	2	EM	BL
Q13	There are those who, after a while, are looking for new ambitions and new challenges, like us	C	2	EM	BL
Q14	Our job is, above all, to ensure that the aquifer remains safe over time and our water is accessible to all people in the world […] we have a responsibility to the local community	C	2	EM	BL
Q15	Keeping up with technological advancement and with continuous investment in cutting-edge machinery is essential	C	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q16	Innovation is not only a question of new products, but also of new processes	GH	3	EM	BL
Q17	Innovability means that our innovation is constantly oriented to paying attention to the environment and the territory	C	4	EM	BL
Q18	Innovation concerns also processes	J	5	EM	BL
Q19	The company has a wide and extensive range of products as every 2–3 years puts on the market new sets of them	E	5	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q20	New products and new processes are aimed also at reducing the impact on the internal and external environments	E	5	EM	BL
Proactiveness
Q21	The firm adopts a wait and see behavior	H	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q22	The firm is a pioneer in terms of products and innovation	G	3	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)
Q23	The company is a bit of a forerunner of certain innovations compared to its competitors	K	4	CM	Miller (1983, 2011)

Note(s): A = human resource director; B = communication manager; C = entrepreneur; D = production director; E = director of innovation; F = general manager; G = production manager; H = quality and environment manager; J = industrial director; K = quality assurance manager. EM = expanded measurement; CM = classical measurement; BL = beyond literature

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