Table 2 The proposed categories and the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

The proposed categories and the previous inspiring frameworks

	Category	Matching previous frameworks
1	Advance a field of studies	Extending citation practices (Aya et al., 2005) combined with self-citation, correcting one's own/others' work (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981), corroboration (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), usage of concepts (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), and contrast (Aya et al., 2005; Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016)
2	Propagate a theory	Citation practices of debate (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), compare, contrast, and criticize (Aya et al., 2005), negate and criticize (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Tahamtan and Bornmann, 2018), disclaim the work or ideas of others (negative claims), dispute the priority claims of others (negative homage) (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981), point out weaknesses (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), combine a theory/concept/definition (White and Wang, 1997) to extend it (Aya et al., 2005), mark a particular concept (Case and Higgins, 2000) and its usage (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), review prior work to extend in the area (Case and Higgins, 2000; Aya et al., 2005), and alert/encourage forthcoming work (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981)
3	Position a contribution	Iterative amalgam of several citation practices: justification (White and Wang, 1997); establishing the legitimacy of the topic (Case and Higgins, 2000) combined with citing to mark a particular concept (Case and Higgins, 2000); reviewing prior work in the field (Case and Higgins, 2000), even work that is affirmational and assumptive (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Tahamtan and Bornmann, 2018); and substantiating claims (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981)
4	Other citation practices	Citation practices of ceremony (White and Wang, 1997), paying homage (Aya et al., 2005), being perfunctory and persuasive (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008), identifying the originator (White and Wang, 1997) or the original publication describing an eponymic concept (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981), acknowledging a recognized authority in a field (Case and Higgins, 2000), and mentioning it in passing (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016)

	Category	Matching previous frameworks
1	Advance a field of studies	Extending citation practices (Aya et al., 2005) combined with self-citation, correcting one's own/others' work (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981), corroboration (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), usage of concepts (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), and contrast (Aya et al., 2005; Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016)
2	Propagate a theory	Citation practices of debate (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), compare, contrast, and criticize (Aya et al., 2005), negate and criticize (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Tahamtan and Bornmann, 2018), disclaim the work or ideas of others (negative claims), dispute the priority claims of others (negative homage) (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981), point out weaknesses (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), combine a theory/concept/definition (White and Wang, 1997) to extend it (Aya et al., 2005), mark a particular concept (Case and Higgins, 2000) and its usage (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016), review prior work to extend in the area (Case and Higgins, 2000; Aya et al., 2005), and alert/encourage forthcoming work (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981)
3	Position a contribution	Iterative amalgam of several citation practices: justification (White and Wang, 1997); establishing the legitimacy of the topic (Case and Higgins, 2000) combined with citing to mark a particular concept (Case and Higgins, 2000); reviewing prior work in the field (Case and Higgins, 2000), even work that is affirmational and assumptive (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008; Tahamtan and Bornmann, 2018); and substantiating claims (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981)
4	Other citation practices	Citation practices of ceremony (White and Wang, 1997), paying homage (Aya et al., 2005), being perfunctory and persuasive (Bornmann and Daniel, 2008), identifying the originator (White and Wang, 1997) or the original publication describing an eponymic concept (Garfield, 1965, in Smith, 1981), acknowledging a recognized authority in a field (Case and Higgins, 2000), and mentioning it in passing (Hernández-Álvarez et al., 2016)