Table A2

Innovation steps and techniques

StepsTechniquesObjective
IdeationUsing cards and check listsTo promote new lines of exploration, structure thoughts, and generate ideas. Cards may be particularly useful when the group gets stuck on a particular point or is unable to detach itself from familiar ideas
Empathy mapTo synthesise the team's collective knowledge of its users in order to come closer to a common understanding. Say, do, feel, think
BrainstormingTo discover a large number of options regarding a particular idea/subject
PrototypingWireframesTo design the software/application interface
To design the navigation structure
To specify the requirements
Paper prototypesTo create a prototype and test the software/interfaces using interactive models
Theatrical methodsTo model/create prototypes and play with human-human or human-digital interactions by means of theatre. This may be useful for analysis, design, prototyping, etc.
TestingFeedback gridTo organise the comments made by users, group members, or interested parties. For example, on what is good, points to improve, and doubts
 Constructive interactionTo obtain information about user experience
Evaluation of valueTo confirm that the solutions being developed are providing the users with value

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