Review of models of disability (MD)
| Model | Source | Basic understanding |
|---|---|---|
| Ethical | Goffman (1963), Imrie (1997), Barnes and Mercer (2004), Best (2010) | Disability as stigma |
| Medical, Biomedical | Parsons (1951), Hahn (1986), Bickenbach (1993), ICF (2002), Gaines (2004) | Disability as functional loss |
| Individual (medical) | Priestley (1998) | Disability as functional loss |
| Minority | Bickenbach (1993), Hahn (1986) | Disability as an oppressed minority |
| Individual idealist | Priestley (1998) | Disability as a stigma |
| Social | Oliver (1990, 1996), ICF (2002), Hughes and Paterson (1997), Gaines (2004) | Disability as a product of a disabling environment |
| Social materialist | Priestley (1998) | Disability as a product of a disabling environment |
| Social idealist (constructionist) | Priestley (1998) | Disability as cultural representation |
| Geographical, geospatial | Gaines (2004), Zajadacz (2014), Zajadacz and Śniadek (2014) | Disability as spatial exclusion |
| Economic | Hahn (1986), Bickenbach (1993) | Disability as a socio-economic issue (work) |
| Biopsychosocial model | ICF (2002) | The synthesis (medical and social model), a coherent view of different perspectives of health: biological, individual and social |
| Model | Source | Basic understanding |
|---|---|---|
| Ethical | Disability as stigma | |
| Medical, Biomedical | Disability as functional loss | |
| Individual (medical) | Disability as functional loss | |
| Minority | Disability as an oppressed minority | |
| Individual idealist | Disability as a stigma | |
| Social | Disability as a product of a disabling environment | |
| Social materialist | Disability as a product of a disabling environment | |
| Social idealist (constructionist) | Disability as cultural representation | |
| Geographical, geospatial | Disability as spatial exclusion | |
| Economic | Disability as a socio-economic issue (work) | |
| Biopsychosocial model | The synthesis (medical and social model), a coherent view of different perspectives of health: biological, individual and social |
Sources: ICF (2002); Buhalis and Darcy (2011); Forrester and Davis (2011); Zajadacz and Śniadek (2014)
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