Table I

Advantages and disadvantages of approaches in tourist tracking

LoggerAppSurvey
AdvantagesIs forgotten – tourists moves naturally
Tourists cooperate easily
Big sample size possible
No smartphone required
Delivers additional information like mode of transportation, travel diary
Can provide additional benefit like CO2-tracking, calorie burning, etc. (enlargement towards quantified self)
Big sample size possible
Tourists cooperate easily
Qualitative in-depth-interviews possible
DisadvantagesCan get lost
Cannot record and deliver as many information as the app
Does not work indoors
No real-time capability
Need to be returned (risk of loss)
Tourists do not cooperate easily – app is considered as too invasive
Does not work indoors
Download procedure takes time
Some elderly people do not posses a smartphone
Sometimes technical malfunction
High-loss rate from download to activation and use
No differentiation between pedestrian and bike and between bus and train
Marketing has to be improved, e.g. via social media
Duration of stay at points of interest cannot be collected properly
Tourists have difficulties in describing or remembering their route

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