Table 1. Means-ends elements identified... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Means-ends elements identified

	Car		Public transport
	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative
Personal values (losses)	• Freedom • Relaxed • Satisfaction • Self-confidence • Productivity • Comfort • Safety • Happiness • Financial satisfaction	• Lack of calmness • Unsafe • Health concerns	• Relaxed • Health and Environment • Satisfaction • Safety • Fun • Productivity	• Uncomfortable • Unproductive • Lack of calmness
Benefits (drawbacks)	• Independence • Flexibility • Unburdened • Capable • Less tired • Time available for other/more things • Planned departure/arrival • On-time (even when late) • Arrive faster (save time) • Later departure • No walking • Not tired • Enjoying drive • Feel useful • Less tiresome • Saving money • No bags to carry • Things at hand • No crowd • Ambience management • Control drive • Doing favour • Socializing • Sharing costs	• Tiresome • Stress • Anger • Less money for other things • Attention needed • Costs (car) • Demanding (time and energy) • Being late • Danger • Car malfunction • Parking bills • Parking search • Confusing • Threatening • Waiting/queues • Breathing bad air	• More money for other expenses • Save time and energy • Less pollution • Doing nice things • Doing useful things • No parking costs • No parking search • Less traffic • Meeting friends • Less injuries • No attention needed	• Physically demanding • Anger • Stress • Time-consuming • Expenses • Waiting • Slowness • Need for taxi • Cost (tickets)
Attributes (dis/advantages)	• No adjustments • Own itinerary • Drive faster • Right on target • Luggage space • Own drive • Can drive others	• Own drive • Car responsibility • High fuel costs • Car maintenance • Parking problems • Impatient drivers • Car accidents • Congestions • Pollution	• No need for parking • More passengers • Bigger vehicle • Other drive	• Delays • Infrequent schedules • Walking (to station) • Frequent stops • Bad connections • Transfers needed

	Car		Public transport
	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative
Personal values (losses)	• Freedom• Relaxed• Satisfaction• Self-confidence• Productivity• Comfort• Safety• Happiness• Financial satisfaction	• Lack of calmness• Unsafe• Health concerns	• Relaxed• Health and Environment• Satisfaction• Safety• Fun• Productivity	• Uncomfortable• Unproductive• Lack of calmness
Benefits (drawbacks)	• Independence• Flexibility• Unburdened• Capable• Less tired• Time available for other/more things• Planned departure/arrival• On-time (even when late)• Arrive faster (save time)• Later departure• No walking• Not tired• Enjoying drive• Feel useful• Less tiresome• Saving money• No bags to carry• Things at hand• No crowd• Ambience management• Control drive• Doing favour• Socializing• Sharing costs	• Tiresome• Stress• Anger• Less money for other things• Attention needed• Costs (car)• Demanding (time and energy)• Being late• Danger• Car malfunction• Parking bills• Parking search• Confusing• Threatening• Waiting/queues• Breathing bad air	• More money for other expenses• Save time and energy• Less pollution• Doing nice things• Doing useful things• No parking costs• No parking search• Less traffic• Meeting friends• Less injuries• No attention needed	• Physically demanding• Anger• Stress• Time-consuming• Expenses• Waiting• Slowness• Need for taxi• Cost (tickets)
Attributes (dis/advantages)	• No adjustments• Own itinerary• Drive faster• Right on target• Luggage space• Own drive• Can drive others	• Own drive• Car responsibility• High fuel costs• Car maintenance• Parking problems• Impatient drivers• Car accidents• Congestions• Pollution	• No need for parking• More passengers• Bigger vehicle• Other drive	• Delays• Infrequent schedules• Walking (to station)• Frequent stops• Bad connections• Transfers needed