Table 2 Core characteristics identified... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Core characteristics identified and elicited during the interviews

	Migrant entrepreneurs	Policymakers	Platforms and facilitators	Consulting and education	Hubs and accelerators	Investors
Characteristics of the Austrian business environment	(1) International access (1) Support in establishing a business (1) Governmental financial support (1) Collaborative culture (2) Supportive governmental framework for startups (2) Integration of startups in the business environment (incl. banking system support) (2) Business “mentality” (2) “Conservatism” of a system (3) Difficulties finding employees (3) Local orientation of business (3) Lack of a comprehensive innovation strategy at the country level	(1) Projects for entrepreneurial mentoring (also for migrants) (1) Interest of the public in innovative startups (1) Financial business support (1) Corporate business culture (2) Necessary information is available but finding it is difficult (3) Administrative and bureaucratic procedures (3) Low “culture” toward innovative startups	(1) Great quality of life (1) Geographic advantages (3) Entrepreneurial culture (3) Low internationalization (3) Administrative and bureaucratic procedures (3) Language barriers (3) Entrepreneurial education (3) Private funding	(1) Geographic advantages	(1) Interest of big corporations in innovative startups (3) Administrative and bureaucratic procedures (3) Pace of bureaucratic processes (3) Motivation to innovate (3) Financial resources (3) Low readiness to take risks (3) Fear of failure	(2) Investment opportunities (good amount of public but lack of private funding) (2) Number of professionals and experts in a field of digital startups (2) Educational system for developing startup culture
Factors affecting migrant entrepreneurship activity	(1) Social environment supports integration (1) Residency permissions and relevant formalities (2) Legislative issues for third-country founders (3) Language barriers (3) Arrangements for integration (e.g. family residency) (3) Personal challenges related to integration (e.g. time)	(1) International network (1) Experience of self-establishment (1) Readiness for cultural adaptation (2) Migration policies for attracting migrant founders (3) Lack of social network (3) Difficulties seeking necessary information (3) Need for professional integration (3) Adaptation to new business cultures (3) Language barriers (3) Measures for fostering migrant innovative startups (particularly third-country nationals) (3) Attraction of innovative startup founders from abroad (3) Administrative regulations	(1) New conditions of life/work (1) Flexibility (1) Commitment to the aim (1) International perspective	(1) Entrepreneurial spirit (particularly for second-generation migrants) (1) Special knowledge (compared to natives) (3) Difficulties with legalization (i.e. citizenship, work permits)	(1) Readiness to found an enterprise (1) Resilience (1) Self-positioning and market penetration (1) Entrepreneurial skills (3) Language barriers

	Migrant entrepreneurs	Policymakers	Platforms and facilitators	Consulting and education	Hubs and accelerators	Investors
Characteristics of the Austrian business environment	(1) International access (1) Support in establishing a business (1) Governmental financial support (1) Collaborative culture (2) Supportive governmental framework for startups (2) Integration of startups in the business environment (incl. banking system support) (2) Business “mentality” (2) “Conservatism” of a system (3) Difficulties finding employees (3) Local orientation of business (3) Lack of a comprehensive innovation strategy at the country level	(1) Projects for entrepreneurial mentoring (also for migrants) (1) Interest of the public in innovative startups (1) Financial business support (1) Corporate business culture (2) Necessary information is available but finding it is difficult (3) Administrative and bureaucratic procedures (3) Low “culture” toward innovative startups	(1) Great quality of life (1) Geographic advantages (3) Entrepreneurial culture (3) Low internationalization (3) Administrative and bureaucratic procedures (3) Language barriers (3) Entrepreneurial education (3) Private funding	(1) Geographic advantages	(1) Interest of big corporations in innovative startups (3) Administrative and bureaucratic procedures (3) Pace of bureaucratic processes (3) Motivation to innovate (3) Financial resources (3) Low readiness to take risks (3) Fear of failure	(2) Investment opportunities (good amount of public but lack of private funding) (2) Number of professionals and experts in a field of digital startups (2) Educational system for developing startup culture
Factors affecting migrant entrepreneurship activity	(1) Social environment supports integration (1) Residency permissions and relevant formalities (2) Legislative issues for third-country founders (3) Language barriers (3) Arrangements for integration (e.g. family residency) (3) Personal challenges related to integration (e.g. time)	(1) International network (1) Experience of self-establishment (1) Readiness for cultural adaptation (2) Migration policies for attracting migrant founders (3) Lack of social network (3) Difficulties seeking necessary information (3) Need for professional integration (3) Adaptation to new business cultures (3) Language barriers (3) Measures for fostering migrant innovative startups (particularly third-country nationals) (3) Attraction of innovative startup founders from abroad (3) Administrative regulations	(1) New conditions of life/work (1) Flexibility (1) Commitment to the aim (1) International perspective	(1) Entrepreneurial spirit (particularly for second-generation migrants) (1) Special knowledge (compared to natives) (3) Difficulties with legalization (i.e. citizenship, work permits)	(1) Readiness to found an enterprise (1) Resilience (1) Self-positioning and market penetration (1) Entrepreneurial skills (3) Language barriers

Note(s): (1) Highly supportive; (2) Somewhat supportive (with certain weak points); (3) Restrictive