Table 1

Description of the study group

VariableRated leaders
Military, police, rescue service (n = 772) within work- type %Industry (n = 1,154) within work- type %Service sector (n = 1,476) within work- type %Education, health care (n = 2,680) within work-type %Chi-squarep
Gender    1293.370.000
Men77%78%44%24%  
Women23%22%56%76%  
Age    346.940.000
<3019%7%4%3%  
30–5066%71%70%66%  
>5015%22%26%31%  
VariableRandomly selected subordinates of the rated leaders
Military, police, rescue service (n = 763) within work- type %Industry (n = 1,136) within work- type %Service sector (n = 1,435) within work- type %Education, health care (n = 2,632) within work- type %Chi-squarep
Gender    1193.570.000
Men80%80%43%27%  
Women20%20%57%73%  
Age    251.050.000
<3020%10%8%5%  
30–5058%61%56%52%  
>5022%29%36%43%  

Note(s): The number of participants in Table 1 is lower than the total study group because a number of participants had responded “Other” on the question on type of work environment

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