Table II. Comparison of cold chain... | Emerald Publishing

Table II.

Comparison of cold chain transport mode advantages

Type item	Longline vessels	Freezer carriers	Reefer container vessels
Transportation costs	–	Higher	Lower
Transport time	Normal	Short	Long
Capital turnover rate	Low	Higher	Lower
Fuel costs	High	Higher	–
Temperature risk	Normal	Lower	Higher
Loading	Normal	Higher	Lower
Flexibility	Good	Better	Lower
International control	Much	More	Less

Type item	Longline vessels	Freezer carriers	Reefer container vessels
Transportation costs	–	Higher	Lower
Transport time	Normal	Short	Long
Capital turnover rate	Low	Higher	Lower
Fuel costs	High	Higher	–
Temperature risk	Normal	Lower	Higher
Loading	Normal	Higher	Lower
Flexibility	Good	Better	Lower
International control	Much	More	Less

Source: Chen and Notteboom (2012) and expert interviews