General characteristics of survey respondents
| Factors | Frequency (ratio) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average ship size | 10,000 tons or less | 10,001– 30,000 tons | 30,001– 50,000 tons | 50,001 tons or more | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 9 (7.4%) | 18 (14.9%) | 46 (38.0%) | 39 (32.2%) | 9 (7.4%) | |
| Study 2 | 22 (16.5%) | 31 (23.3%) | 10 (7.5%) | 63 (47.4%) | 7 (5.3%) | |
| Major sailing routes (multiple responses) | American routes | European routes | Korean/Chinese/Japanese routes | Southeast Asian routes | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 74 (27.2%) | 92 (33.8%) | 50 (18.4%) | 45 (16.5%) | 11 (4.0%) | |
| Study 2 | 60 (36.8%) | 33 (17.3%) | 38 (21.1%) | 22 (9.0%) | 7 (15.8%) | |
| Years of service by respondents | Less than 10 years | 11–15 years | 16–20 years | 21 years or more | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 4 (3.3%) | 26 (21.5%) | 50 (41.3%) | 32 (26.4%) | 9 (7.4%) | |
| Study 2 | 47 (35.3%) | 19 (14.3%) | 30 (22.6%) | 33 (24.8%) | 4 (3.0%) | |
| Field of business of respondents | Sales | Operations | Customer Service | Document, etc. | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 76 (62.8%) | 26 (21.5%) | 10 (8.3%) | 9 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Study 2 | 32 (24.1%) | 57 (42.9%) | 32 (24.1%) | 11 (8.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
| Factors | Frequency (ratio) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average ship size | 10,000 tons or less | 10,001– | 30,001– | 50,001 tons or more | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 9 (7.4%) | 18 (14.9%) | 46 (38.0%) | 39 (32.2%) | 9 (7.4%) | |
| Study 2 | 22 (16.5%) | 31 (23.3%) | 10 (7.5%) | 63 (47.4%) | 7 (5.3%) | |
| Major sailing routes (multiple responses) | American routes | European routes | Korean/Chinese/Japanese routes | Southeast Asian routes | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 74 (27.2%) | 92 (33.8%) | 50 (18.4%) | 45 (16.5%) | 11 (4.0%) | |
| Study 2 | 60 (36.8%) | 33 (17.3%) | 38 (21.1%) | 22 (9.0%) | 7 (15.8%) | |
| Years of service by respondents | Less than 10 years | 11–15 years | 16–20 years | 21 years or more | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 4 (3.3%) | 26 (21.5%) | 50 (41.3%) | 32 (26.4%) | 9 (7.4%) | |
| Study 2 | 47 (35.3%) | 19 (14.3%) | 30 (22.6%) | 33 (24.8%) | 4 (3.0%) | |
| Field of business of respondents | Sales | Operations | Customer Service | Document, etc. | Others and missing values | |
| Study 1 | 76 (62.8%) | 26 (21.5%) | 10 (8.3%) | 9 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Study 2 | 32 (24.1%) | 57 (42.9%) | 32 (24.1%) | 11 (8.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Source(s): Authors' own work based on survey results
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