Table 3

Required port staff competencies

CriteriaReferences
Koutra et al. (2017) Güngör et al. (2009) Özer Çaylan and Yıldız (2016) Ahn and McLean (2008) Thai (2012) Nasim (2017) Tezcan and Kuleyin (2019) Thai and Lirn (2012) Thai and Yeo (2015) Anwar et al. (2012) Thai et al. (2016) 
Experience✓✓✓  ✓     
Knowledge of foreign language✓✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓
Exercising information technologies✓  ✓ ✓ ✓   
Technical skills✓ ✓✓  ✓✓✓✓✓
Communication skills✓✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓
Problem-solving✓  ✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓
Persuasion*    ✓  ✓✓ ✓
Time management skills✓✓  ✓  ✓   
Innovativeness*✓ ✓✓     ✓ 
Taking initiative✓     ✓    
Analytical thinking ✓  ✓ ✓✓   
Decision-making ✓    ✓    
Team working ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓✓✓
Intellectual capital on shipping trends*   ✓  ✓✓✓ ✓
Agility    ✓  ✓✓ ✓
Customer-oriented      ✓  ✓ 
Vocational motivation    ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓

Note(s): *: Marked criteria were de-scoped as a result of semi-structured interviews

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