Table 1

Data sources

Source of dataDetails
Interviews2017: 4 interviews with the innovator firm
2018: 6 interviews with regulatory authority, public health expert, innovator firm, business partners from the value chain and scientist
News articles>100 news articles about Benecol and lowering cholesterol were retrieved from sources such as The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and The New York Times (1996–2019)
Websites>10 websites of Benecol in different regions, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Finnish Food Authority, European Food Safety Authority and related industry associations such as European Atherosclerosis Society
Publications>50 journal articles and a book on Benecol, plant stanol ester, functional foods and cardiovascular diseases

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