Table 3

Stakeholder types and contributions

TypeContribution
Market creation (macro)Commercialization (micro)
Regulators
  • Allowing society to start accepting the novelty

  • Drafting new legislation, implementing current legislation

  • Conducting and evaluating risk and safety assessments

  • Authorizing products to be marketed and sold

  • Providing guidance on the authorization procedure

Scientists
  • Generating objective scientific knowledge

  • Publishing articles, attending seminars and conferences around the world and thus disseminating the knowledge

  • Increasing the credibility of an innovation

  • Revealing the functionality of the innovation/novelty through studies and experiments, which can be used as marketing argument for a product

Experts as opinion leaders
  • Creating risk awareness on certain issues in the society and explaining the potential impacts of the issues

  • Influencing public perceptions and producers’ actions to shift to operations that are more sustainable

  • Publishing articles, attending seminars and conferences around the world and thus disseminating the knowledge

  • Increasing the credibility of an innovation

  • Making the network actors more aware of the benefits of the innovation

Business partners in the value chain
  • Providing access to local user base in different countries

  • Making product adjustments to meet consumer preferences in the local market and thus ensuring the fit between innovation and different market settings

  • Distributing the products locally and making them available for users

  • Contributing to the diffusion of the innovation by representing the innovation in local markets

Innovator firm
  • Managing the innovation network by facilitating constant information flow between stakeholders

  • Initiating the innovation process by discovering or inventing the novelty

Media
  • Raising awareness on healthy living and cardiovascular health

  • Communicating the value that a product or service would create for its user

Users
  • Using the innovation and experiencing its benefits at first hand

  • Providing feedback about the products’ strengths and weaknesses

  • Carrying out word-of-mouth marketing

Health-care professionals
  • Changing the attitude on markets

  • Recommending the product personally to the users

  • Conveying the product information to the users who are the target audience

Associations
  • Organizing educational sessions for health-care professionals for awareness creation

  • Mentioning the innovation in their guidelines

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