Table I An overview of port performance... | Emerald Publishing

Table I

An overview of port performance factors from literature

Factors	Actor perspective	Source
Number of sailings, inland freight rates, proximity of port, congestion, possibility of intermodal links, port equipment, port charges, quality of customs handling, free time, port security and size of port	Shipper	Slack (1985)
Port location, port facility, cargo volume, service level	Not specific	Song and Yeo (2004)
Number of port calls, draught, trade volume, port cargo traffic, ship turnaround time, annual operating hours, port charges and availability of intermodal transports	Liner shipping company	Tang et al. (2008)
Availability of hinterland connections, reasonable tariffs and immediacy of consumers	Deep-sea container operator	Wiegmans et al. (2008)
After interview with shipping companies: cost, quality of hinterland connections, capacity, reliability, port location and cargo base. For hinterland services: cost, reliability, frequency of service, flexibility, total door-to-door transport time and customer service quality	Shipping companies	Aronietis et al. (2010)
Accessibility to port premises for pickup and delivery, overall port reliability, provision of adequate, on-time information, incidence of delays, port security, speed of stevedore’s cargo (un)loading, ocean carrier schedule reliability/integrity, terminal operator responsiveness to requests, availability of labor, efficiency of documentary processes, port authority responsiveness to requests, incidence of cargo damage, invoice accuracy, connectivity/operability to rail, truck, and warehousing, and availability of capacity	Supply chain partner	Brooks and Schellinck (2015)
Accessibility, connectivity, efficiency, service quality, level of integration, flexibility, port charges, carbon footprint, transit time, frequency, availability, freight rates, reputation, on-time delivery, reliability	Shipper, third-party logistics providers	Magala and Sammons (2008)
Liner shippers’ perspective: vessel turnaround time, intermodal links, seaport facilities and equipment, proximity to import/export area and channel depth. From seaport authorities and terminal operators perspective: seaport facilities and equipment, channel depth, intermodal links, vessel turnaround time, and proximity to import/export area	Shipping line, seaport authority and terminal operator	Da Cruz et al. (2013)
Port service, hinterland condition, availability, convenience, logistics cost, regional center, connectivity	Shipping line	Yeo et al. (2014)
Port efficiency and performance, political stability, port costs, port infrastructure, cargo volume and port location	Group of experts	van Dyck and Ismael (2015)
Port costs, geographical location, quality of hinterland connections, productivity, and capacity. For shipper: costs, quality of operations, reputation of operator, and port location	Shippers, carriers, freight forwarders	Nazemzadeh and Vanelslander (2015)
(Deep) sea transport costs, port handling charges, inspection costs/customs duties, inland transport costs, inland handling charges, reliability, frequency of service, flexibility, total door-to-door transport time, customer service	Not specific	de Jong (2015)
Maritime transport time, maritime transport cost, port cost, port dwell time, water depth, number of feeder services, number of port calls, number of IWT services, number of rail services, hinterland transport cost, hinterland transport time, container demand Europe	Not specific	Mueller (2014)
Shipping lines: costs at port, customs and government regulation, hinterland connection, terminal operator, port location, port facility, shipping services, port information system. Forwarder: port location, hinterland connections, shipping services, customs and government regulation, costs at port, port information system, terminal operator, port facility. Shipper: port location, hinterland connections, port costs, customs and government regulation, shipping services, port information system, port facility, terminal operator	Shipping line, forwarder, shipper	Yuen et al. (2012)
Location of port, efficiency of cargo handling, quality of terminal operating companies, quality of equipment, quality of shipping services, information services in port, good reputation related to damage and delays, customer focus, connection to hinterland modes, personal contacts in port, overall score	Shippers and freight forwarders	de Langen (2007)
Port service, hinterland condition, availability, convenience, logistics cost, regional center and connectivity	Shipping companies and ship owners	Yeo et al. (2008)
Most significant for carriers: handling cost of containers, proximity to main navigation routes, proximity to feeder ports, proximity to import/export area, port basic infrastructure. For ports: handling cost of containers, proximity to feeder ports, port basic infrastructure, proximity to main navigation routes, proximity to import/export area	Carriers and port operators	Lirn et al. (2004)
Efficiency, shipping frequency, infrastructure, location, port charges, quick response to port users’ needs, reputation for cargo damage	Freight forwarders	Tongzon (2009)

Factors	Actor perspective	Source
Number of sailings, inland freight rates, proximity of port, congestion, possibility of intermodal links, port equipment, port charges, quality of customs handling, free time, port security and size of port	Shipper	Slack (1985)
Port location, port facility, cargo volume, service level	Not specific	Song and Yeo (2004)
Number of port calls, draught, trade volume, port cargo traffic, ship turnaround time, annual operating hours, port charges and availability of intermodal transports	Liner shipping company	Tang et al. (2008)
Availability of hinterland connections, reasonable tariffs and immediacy of consumers	Deep-sea container operator	Wiegmans et al. (2008)
After interview with shipping companies: cost, quality of hinterland connections, capacity, reliability, port location and cargo base. For hinterland services: cost, reliability, frequency of service, flexibility, total door-to-door transport time and customer service quality	Shipping companies	Aronietis et al. (2010)
Accessibility to port premises for pickup and delivery, overall port reliability, provision of adequate, on-time information, incidence of delays, port security, speed of stevedore’s cargo (un)loading, ocean carrier schedule reliability/integrity, terminal operator responsiveness to requests, availability of labor, efficiency of documentary processes, port authority responsiveness to requests, incidence of cargo damage, invoice accuracy, connectivity/operability to rail, truck, and warehousing, and availability of capacity	Supply chain partner	Brooks and Schellinck (2015)
Accessibility, connectivity, efficiency, service quality, level of integration, flexibility, port charges, carbon footprint, transit time, frequency, availability, freight rates, reputation, on-time delivery, reliability	Shipper, third-party logistics providers	Magala and Sammons (2008)
Liner shippers’ perspective: vessel turnaround time, intermodal links, seaport facilities and equipment, proximity to import/export area and channel depth. From seaport authorities and terminal operators perspective: seaport facilities and equipment, channel depth, intermodal links, vessel turnaround time, and proximity to import/export area	Shipping line, seaport authority and terminal operator	Da Cruz et al. (2013)
Port service, hinterland condition, availability, convenience, logistics cost, regional center, connectivity	Shipping line	Yeo et al. (2014)
Port efficiency and performance, political stability, port costs, port infrastructure, cargo volume and port location	Group of experts	van Dyck and Ismael (2015)
Port costs, geographical location, quality of hinterland connections, productivity, and capacity. For shipper: costs, quality of operations, reputation of operator, and port location	Shippers, carriers, freight forwarders	Nazemzadeh and Vanelslander (2015)
(Deep) sea transport costs, port handling charges, inspection costs/customs duties, inland transport costs, inland handling charges, reliability, frequency of service, flexibility, total door-to-door transport time, customer service	Not specific	de Jong (2015)
Maritime transport time, maritime transport cost, port cost, port dwell time, water depth, number of feeder services, number of port calls, number of IWT services, number of rail services, hinterland transport cost, hinterland transport time, container demand Europe	Not specific	Mueller (2014)
Shipping lines: costs at port, customs and government regulation, hinterland connection, terminal operator, port location, port facility, shipping services, port information system. Forwarder: port location, hinterland connections, shipping services, customs and government regulation, costs at port, port information system, terminal operator, port facility. Shipper: port location, hinterland connections, port costs, customs and government regulation, shipping services, port information system, port facility, terminal operator	Shipping line, forwarder, shipper	Yuen et al. (2012)
Location of port, efficiency of cargo handling, quality of terminal operating companies, quality of equipment, quality of shipping services, information services in port, good reputation related to damage and delays, customer focus, connection to hinterland modes, personal contacts in port, overall score	Shippers and freight forwarders	de Langen (2007)
Port service, hinterland condition, availability, convenience, logistics cost, regional center and connectivity	Shipping companies and ship owners	Yeo et al. (2008)
Most significant for carriers: handling cost of containers, proximity to main navigation routes, proximity to feeder ports, proximity to import/export area, port basic infrastructure. For ports: handling cost of containers, proximity to feeder ports, port basic infrastructure, proximity to main navigation routes, proximity to import/export area	Carriers and port operators	Lirn et al. (2004)
Efficiency, shipping frequency, infrastructure, location, port charges, quick response to port users’ needs, reputation for cargo damage	Freight forwarders	Tongzon (2009)