Table 2 Descriptive statistics Variable... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Descriptive statistics

Variable	Full sample (1)		Risk-seeking firms (2)		Risk-averse firms (3)		Difference (4)
Variable	Mean	STD	Mean	STD	Mean	STD	(2)–(3)
CSR	3.801	1.069	4.066	1.007	3.536	1.070	0.530***
CSR_EXT	3.772	1.109	4.051	1.020	3.494	1.131	0.558***
CSR_INT	3.872	1.187	4.102	1.156	3.642	1.180	0.459**
ALIGN	0.410	0.493	0.347	0.479	0.472	0.503	−0.125*
ROA	0.058	0.063	0.051	0.057	0.066	0.069	−0.015
ROS	0.061	0.069	0.055	0.072	0.066	0.066	−0.011
MATURITY	4.507	1.797	4.625	1.533	4.389	2.032	0.236
MULTI	0.583	0.495	0.528	0.503	0.639	0.484	−0.111
EMPLOYEE	2.722	1.934	2.611	1.961	2.833	1.914	−0.222
IPIPR	0.006	0.034	0.002	0.006	0.010	0.047	−0.008
PM	0.065	0.098	0.056	0.078	0.072	0.114	−0.016
ICE	0.010	0.023	0.013	0.029	0.008	0.014	0.005
SIZE	11.656	1.854	11.597	2.155	11.715	1.508	−0.118
LEV	0.138	0.163	0.141	0.163	0.134	0.164	0.006
ACTVOL	0.041	0.051	0.046	0.054	0.037	0.049	0.009
INDUSTRY	0.646	0.480	0.597	0.494	0.694	0.464	−0.097

Variable	Full sample (1)		Risk-seeking firms (2)		Risk-averse firms (3)		Difference (4)
Variable	Mean	STD	Mean	STD	Mean	STD	(2)–(3)
CSR	3.801	1.069	4.066	1.007	3.536	1.070	0.530***
CSR_EXT	3.772	1.109	4.051	1.020	3.494	1.131	0.558***
CSR_INT	3.872	1.187	4.102	1.156	3.642	1.180	0.459**
ALIGN	0.410	0.493	0.347	0.479	0.472	0.503	−0.125*
ROA	0.058	0.063	0.051	0.057	0.066	0.069	−0.015
ROS	0.061	0.069	0.055	0.072	0.066	0.066	−0.011
MATURITY	4.507	1.797	4.625	1.533	4.389	2.032	0.236
MULTI	0.583	0.495	0.528	0.503	0.639	0.484	−0.111
EMPLOYEE	2.722	1.934	2.611	1.961	2.833	1.914	−0.222
IPIPR	0.006	0.034	0.002	0.006	0.010	0.047	−0.008
PM	0.065	0.098	0.056	0.078	0.072	0.114	−0.016
ICE	0.010	0.023	0.013	0.029	0.008	0.014	0.005
SIZE	11.656	1.854	11.597	2.155	11.715	1.508	−0.118
LEV	0.138	0.163	0.141	0.163	0.134	0.164	0.006
ACTVOL	0.041	0.051	0.046	0.054	0.037	0.049	0.009
INDUSTRY	0.646	0.480	0.597	0.494	0.694	0.464	−0.097

Note(s): *, ** and *** denote significance at the 10, 5 and 1% levels, respectively. All variables are as defined in Table A2