Comparison between young leaders in different work environments (one-way analysis of variance)
| Work environment | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public (military, rescue service) (n = 127) | Public (health care, education) (n = 61) | Private (industry, service) (n = 209) | |||||||
| Variablea | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | p | Schefféb |
| Leadership scales | |||||||||
| Developmental leadership Exemplary, authentic model Individualized consideration Inspiration and motivation | 6.70 7.22 6.44 6.53 | 0.97 0.92 1.10 1.06 | 6.86 7.24 6.69 6.50 | 0.88 0.83 1.11 1.02 | 7.11 7.47 6.89 6.98 | 0.80 0.75 1.00 0.95 | 6.82 3.99 6.51 8.73 | 0.001 0.019 0.002 0.000 | B B B B, C |
| Conventional positive leadership Seek agreements Take necessary measures | 7.33 6.94 7.71 | 0.99 1.13 1.07 | 7.27 6.78 7.79 | 0.96 1.20 0.93 | 7.43 7.05 7.80 | 0.83 1.00 0.90 | 0.88 1.38 0.36 | 0.416 0.253 0.701 | |
| Conventional negative leadership If, but only if, reward Overcontrol Destructive leadership Active Passive | 2.31 2.40 2.22 1.91 1.69 2.26 | 1.07 1.25 1.19 0.71 0.69 0.93 | 1.69 1.75 1.67 1.81 1.47 2.36 | 0.84 1.07 0.89 0.71 0.63 1.01 | 1.92 2.04 1.83 1.76 1.50 2.14 | 0.89 1.12 0.95 0.64 0.57 0.93 | 9.97 6.70 7.89 1.89 4.20 1.39 | 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.152 0.016 0.250 | A, B A, B A, B B |
| Desirable competencies | |||||||||
| Task-related Management-related Social Stress management-related Results | 6.81 6.25 7.20 6.49 6.80 | 1.23 1.41 1.42 1.37 1.11 | 6.71 5.85 7.28 6.63 6.66 | 1.44 1.56 1.21 1.46 1.10 | 7.16 6.45 7.45 6.75 7.12 | 1.17 1.32 1.33 1.36 1.02 | 4.57 3.70 1.45 1.27 5.55 | 0.011 0.026 0.235 0.282 0.004 | C B |
| Work environment | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public (military, rescue | Public (health care, | Private (industry, service) | |||||||
| Variablea | Schefféb | ||||||||
| Developmental leadership | 6.70 | 0.97 | 6.86 | 0.88 | 7.11 | 0.80 | 6.82 | 0.001 | B |
| Conventional positive leadership | 7.33 | 0.99 | 7.27 | 0.96 | 7.43 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.416 | |
| Conventional negative leadership | 2.31 | 1.07 | 1.69 | 0.84 | 1.92 | 0.89 | 9.97 | 0.000 | A, B |
| Task-related | 6.81 | 1.23 | 6.71 | 1.44 | 7.16 | 1.17 | 4.57 | 0.011 | C |
Notes:
aAll scales can range from 1 (lowest frequency/level) to 9 (highest frequency/level). bAll significant difference between in the public (military, rescue service) sector and leaders in the public (health care and education) sector. B = significant difference between leaders in the public (military and rescue service) sector and leaders in the private (industry and service) sector. C = significant difference between leaders in the public (health care and education) sector and leaders in the private (industry and service) sector